BASAL GANGLIA (FIBERS)

• SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

  possess inclusion

  granules of melanin pigment in its

  cytoplasm & releases a neurotransmitter

  dopamine, GABA and substance P

   Concerned with muscle tone and with

  connection to the cerebral cortex, spinal

  cord, hypothalamus and basal ganglia

   Function as dopaminergic (inhibitory to the

  corpus striatum)
• SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEI

  a diencephalic gray matter portion of the

  basal ganglia that function as glutaminergic

  (excitatory - Glutamate); has connection

  with substantia nigra and globus pallidus
• CORTICOSTRIATE FIBERS = Release neurotransmitter:

  Glutamate
• THALAMOSTRIATE FIBERS = this are intralaminar thalamic nuclei that

  sends large number of axons to the caudate

  nucleus and putamen
• NIGOSTRIATE FIBERS

   neurons from substantia nigra sends axons

  to the caudate nucleus and putamen;

  Neurotransmitter: Dopamine
• BRAINSTEM STRIATAL FIBERS

   these are ascending fibers from the

  brainstem and ends in the caudate nucleus

  and putamen; Neurotransmitter: Serotonin
• STRIATOPALLIDAL FIBERS

   fibers from the caudate and putamen to the

  globus pallidus and release

  neurotransmitter: GABA
• STRIATONIGRAL FIBERS

   fibers from the caudate and putamen to the

  substantia nigra and release

  neurotransmitter: GABA, acetylcholine and

  substance P
• Connections of the Globus Pallidus

  AFFERENT FIBERS

   STRIATOPALLIDAL FIBERS
• • akinesia: loss or impairment of the power of voluntary movement.
  • Difficulty in continuing or stopping
  • Abnormalities of muscle tone
  • involuntary movements