topic 1

• what happens to the reactivity of group 1

  increases going down
• what happens to the melting and boiling points of group 1

  decrease going down the group
• why are group 1 metals so reactive

  they only need to lose 1 electron
• explain the trend of reactivity in group 1 metals 


  the outer shell gets further away from the positive nucleus, weakening the attractive force so it’s easier to lose the electron
• what happens when alkali metals react with water

  creates metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
• what happens when you react alkali metals with oxygen


  they form metal oxides
• what are the properties of group 1 metals

  soft, reactive, low melting point
• how do halogens exist

  as diatomic molecules in pairs of atoms
• what happens to the melting and boiling points of group 7

  increase going down the group
• explain the trend of reactivity for group 7

  decreases as the shell gets further away from the nucleus meaning the energy needed to pull an electron into the shell is higher making it harder
• what is the reactivity and boiling points of group 0

  unreactive, boiling point increases as you move down the group
• what colours are the halogens

  fluorine - yellow gas, chlorine - green gas, bromine red-brown liquid, iodine - grey solid
• What equipment do you need for distillation

  flask, condenser, thermometer, beaker, Bunsen burner
• What are the steps of distillation

  1. Heat up mixture until it everporates
  2. go down condenser, vapour will cool and condense
• What are the features of a fractionating column

  1. Full of glass rods for large surface area
  2. cooler at top than bottom
• What was the first theory of the atom

  atomic theory (everything is made up from tiny particles)
• What was the second theory of the atom

  Solid spheres
• What was the third theory of the atom

  Plum pudding model, ball of positive charge with random negative charge
• How was the nuclear model formed

  The alpha scattering experiment
• did Bohr come up with

  Electron held in shells and orbit the nucleus
• What was Mendeleevs model of the periodic table

  Ordered in roughly atomic mass but left gaps and predicted elements