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• in-group : a social group that a person identifies with and feels like they belong to.
• out-group : a social group where a person does not identify with and does not belong to the in-group.
• in-group : in-group members are loyal to each other and believe they are superior than out group members.
• In-group Favoritism

  people tend to favor the members of the group they identify with and probably have stereotypes and prejudices about nonmembers.
• Power

  When a large in-group has power, it has the ability to influence how society views out-group members.
• Intergroup Aggression

  When a powerful group does acts that intend to harm out-group members.
• Social Comparison Theory

  Humans are naturally motivated to have an accurate evaluation of themselves.
• Social Comparison Theory

  without an objective means to do this, the use their groups as reference.
• Reference Group

  a group to which one compares themselves to evaluate one's attitude, beliefs, and behaviors.
• Reference Group

  One can change their reference group depending on the stage of one' s life.
• Anticipatory Socialization

  out-groups can also be used as a reference by someone who wishes to be part of the group.
• Types of Reference

  Positive Reference and Negative Reference
• Positive Reference - groups whose norms are followed by individuals because they want to be a part of the group.
• Negative Reference - groups whose norms are avoided by individuals because they do not want to be identified with them.
• Network - a structure of social actors connected by relatively weak social ties.
• Network - can vary in terms of size, form, and relationships.
• Network - a group of immediate and distant relatives can be considered a network.