PMLS PRE

• Phlebotomy


  Was a cure for disease, bleeding removed "bad" blood
• Methods of bleeding


  • Venesection - a procedure to reduce red blood cells
  • Cupping - involves placing cups on the body to create suction for pain relief and healing. Side effects can include nausea and headaches
  • Leeches - are applied to the wound area where their blood sucking action is used to increase circulation, improve blood flow and speed healing
• Discovery of microorganisms as causative agents of disease started to change thinking of how to treat diseases
• Leeches


  Limited uses today, Bleeding in the form of therapeutic phlebotomy done today for disease polycythemia vera and hereditary hemochromatosis
• Phlebotomist


  Multiskilled, Known as laboratory representative
• Centralized phlebotomy


  • Phlebotomist is part of laboratory team and dispatched to hospital units to collect blood samples
• Decentralized phlebotomy


  • All members of the health care team share responsibility to collect blood samples
• Areas of the hospital where phlebotomy is performed

  • Neonatal
  • Obstetrics
  • Oncology
  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatrics
  • Intensive care
  • Coronary care
  • Emergency
  • Nephrology
  • Geriatrics
• Areas of the laboratory

  • Phlebotomy
  • Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Coagulation
  • Histology
  • Urinalysis
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Immunohematology (blood bank)
  • Cytology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
• Phases of sample testing

  • Pre Examination (previously known as preanalytical phase)
  • Examination (previously known as analytical phase)
  • Postexamination (previously known as postanalytical phase)
• Managed care


  Coordinates providing health services and health benefits, includes Health maintenance organization (HMO) and Preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Affordable Health Care Act

  Enacted to help those who could not afford insurance, Requires all people to have health insurance
• Areas of nursing


  • Patient-Focused Care Concept
• Laboratory staff


  • Pathologist
  • Medical laboratory scientist
  • Medical laboratory technician
  • Phlebotomy technician
  • Cytotechnologist
  • Histotechnologist
• Patient rights


  • Right to considerate and respectful care
  • Right to receive understandable information
  • Right to make decisions about plan of care and refuse treatment
  • Right to have an advance directive
  • Right to privacy
  • Right to confidentiality of medical records
  • Right to review records
  • Right to reasonable response to requests for appropriate and medically indicated care and services
  • Right to information regarding hospital business relationships that might impact care
  • Right to consent or decline to participate in proposed research studies
  • Right to continuity of care
  • Right to be informed of hospital policies and practices that relate to patient care, treatment, and responsibilities
• Advance directives


  Documents written before incapacitating illness that give instructions about a person's health care, if in the future, they cannot speak for themselves
• Regulatory agencies


  • The Joint Commission
  • CAP
  • State Board of Health
  • CLSI
  • CLIA
  • OSHA
  • NAACLS
• Quality assurance


  Quality is phlebotomist's responsibility, Result of test sent to physician depends on quality of sample obtained, Laboratories must have certain levels of patient satisfaction to continue receiving payments from insurance companies, Must have quality assurance program, total quality management program, and continuous quality improvement program