POS PSYCH REVIEW

• Five core mechanisms needed in order to create a positive body

  human touch, positive sexual behaviour, physical activity, nutrition and even physical pain
• two main 'types of happiness

  hedonic and eudaimonic
• Indeed, it seems unfeasible for positive psychology to continue as a _______

  neck up focused discipline
• Monism (the foundation of empiricism) maintains that the mind and body are one, holding no separate ________

  Spiritual Properties
• Our body affects our_______

  emotions, feelings and experiences
• Positive psychology has traditionally conceptualized authentic happiness as a mix of _________

  Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing
• Also known as the foundation of empiricism

  Monism
• Within the two types of happiness stem three distinct lifestyles. What are those lifestyles?

  the pleasurable life, the engaged life and the meaningful life
• It is a lifestyle that encompasses feelings of positive emotions, which are integral components to our success and wellbeing.

  Pleasurable Life
• Categories of a pleasurable life

  pleasures and gratifications
• ____________ include nice smells, tastes, sexual feelings and so forth

  pleasures
• ___________ include activities (such as reading, or cooking) that require some forward planning

  gratifications
• our bodies have the ability to induce these feelings of pleasure, ___________ and ______________

  desire and positive emotions
• ___________ via participation in physical activity, can induce a sense of engagement, absorption and wellbeing after the fact.


  Flow
• engaging in _____________ with your loved ones can develop a deeper and more meaningful relationship.

  tactical behaviours
• Type of lifestyle evident in reports of spiritual and embodied transcendence

  Meaningful Life
• Individuals, whose bodies have undergone extreme physical pain consistently report a sense of meaning and spiritual connection via the____________

  wounded self
• Physical bodily pleasures can also eventually lead to more___________

  eudaimonic achievements
• What are the five components of a positive body?

  -Interpersonal touch

  -Human sexual behaviour

  -Physical activity and wellbeing

  -Nutrition

  -Physical pain
• The first evidence demonstrating the importance of interpersonal touch came from ____________________'s studies where baby chimps chose a warm and cuddly, or rather a 'touchable' surrogate mother, with no food, over a steel, unforgiving mother, with an abundance of food.


  Harry Harlow
• These are examples of interpersonal touch:


  massage therapy, clinical reflexology, hugging
• Miami based Touch Research Institute has conducted hundreds of clinical studies on the importance of interpersonal touch on ____________________

  physical and psychological wellbeing
• The evidence suggests that _______________ has the ability to enhance both physical and psychological functioning.

  massage therapy (MT)
• Physically, when employed with ______________ who are at risk (premature), MT can help their ability to gain weight, increase temperature and gain more sleep

  infants
• As _____________ grow older, MT has been found to help with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), arthritis, asthma and aggression

  children
• In _____________, MT can reduce migraines (Hernandez-Reif et al., 1998), premenstrual symptoms (Hernandez-Reif et al., 2000), blood pressure (Moyer et al., 2004) and cortisol levels (Field et al., 2005), and serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters (Field et al., 2005).


  adults
• MT can increase immune and neuro-endocrine functioning in __________________and _______________

  breast cancer and HIV patients
• Psychologically, MT interventions have reported significant reductions in _______________, similar to the efficiency of traditional psychotherapy

  depression
• Massage therapy appears to be beneficial even when administered in _______________ doses.

  single
• This proposes that by causing pressure in other areas, apart from the areas of pain, MT will block pain (close the gate) to the original site of trauma

  'gate control' theory of pain reduction
• it is believed that MT may promote the __________________________________________________________________, which would reduce anxiety states and may induce wellbeing

  'activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
• the theory of______________________________has been suggested due to evidence of increased serotonin levels and other endorphins in the blood after a session of MT


  'changes in body chemistry
• This change in body chemistry is linked to a further theory, that MT can aid in the_____________________________________.

  'production of restorative sleep
• Within sports research, MT is believed to work via __________________________, so that 'MT may break down subcutaneous adhesions and prevent fibrosis as well as promote circulation of blood and lymph'.

  'mechanical means
• Finally, it is thought that the promising effects of MT on pain may be due to the ________________________ that one receives from the massage therapist

  'interpersonal attention
• research shows that for both clinical and normal populations, interpersonal touch via MT can have a significant effect on self-report and objective measurements of physical and ________________ wellbeing.

  psychological
• _____________________ also has several research bodies attempting to establish proper scientific evidence for the use of reflexology in promoting well-being.

  Clinical reflexology
• evidence suggests that__________________ can be used to aid in the reduction of anxiety, depression, headaches and pain symptoms among cancer and multiple sclerosis patients as well as menopausal women, in addition to enhancing mental health.

  reflexology
• an explanation for the benefits of reflexology has been the _____________________ of the practitioner

  interpersonal connection/influence
• researchers have started to include control groups that undergo generic foot massages, thus equalizing the effects of __________________ (Williamson et al., 2002). Issues within this field surround the disagreement among practitioners regarding reflexology mapping and a lack of standardized training centres.

  simple human contact