Pointers (Sir Erwin)

• uterine atony - most frequent or most leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage
• Croup - symptom complex characterized by hoarseness, a resonant cough described as “barking” or “brassy”, varying degrees of inspiratory stridor, and varying degrees of respiratory distress resulting from swelling or obstruction in the region of the larynx.
• Tetralogy of Fallot - is by far the most common cyanotic heart disease observed during pregnancy
• Epistaxis - A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel.
• What not to do with child with the occurence of epistaxis?

  Do not lie down the child
• Treatment for epistaxis?

  Direct compression of the nasal alae for 5 to 10 mins
• Sinusitis - is an infection of the sinuses. These infections often happen after a cold or with allergies.
• What not to use for acute sinusitis?

  OTC decongestant nasal spray
• Ataxic Gait - broad-based, unsteady and associated with either cerebellar pathology or sensory ataxia (e.g. vestibular or proprioceptive dysfunction).
• High-stepping gait - can be unilateral or bilateral and is typically caused by foot drop (weakness of ankle dorsiflexion). The child also won’t be able to walk on their heel(s).
• Waddling gait - shoulders sway from side to side, legs lifted off ground with the aid of tilting the trunk. Waddling gait is commonly caused by proximal lower limb weakness (e.g. myopathy).
• Hemiparetic gait - one leg held stiffly and swings round in an arc with each stride (circumduction). This type of gait is commonly associated with individuals who have had a stroke.
• Spastic paraparesis - similar to hemiparetic gait but bilateral, with both legs stiff and circumducting. The child’s feet may be inverted and “scissor”. This type of gait is typically associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia.
• Cerebral Palsy - is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture
• Cerebral Palsy - is the most common motor disability in childhood.
• Spastic Cerebral Palsy - most common type of CP
• Cerebral Palsy that has problems with balance and coordination?

  Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
• Spastic-dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy - most common type of mixed CP
• Causative agent for Meningococcal disease?

  Neisseria meningitidis