An economic system based on private ownership of capital
. socialists worried produce unequal and unfair economic social consequence
evolutionary strands (3)
. democratic
. social democracy
. Third way
Democratic socialist
. Articulated by Webb
. Gradually achieved within preexisting parliamentary structure
.wanted mass nationalisation where private enterprise would cease and socialist elite would manage state for beenfit of all
Social democracy
. Post war
. Influenced by Crosland
. Focused on mixed economy and increased state spending for social justice
.
Third way
. Giddens
. Neo liberal and social democratic ideas
.
Revolutionary socialism
. Marx .
Abolish capitalist state society and economy
. Replace it with communism and a system based on collectivism
. Society based on common ownership
Social Justice
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Common ownership
. Influenced by fraternity and equality
. all benefit from state ownership
. Opposition to private ownership
Utopian socialism
. Revolutionary
.weaker of two strands
. Robert owen and charles fourierproposed different views on utopian society based on smale scale co operative communities
. Marx critiqued as idelaistic and simple / no way to sustain
Marxism
. Humans are social beings whose natural state of fraternit, co-operation and selflessness has been perveted into a false consciousness
. Social class central to perception of human history
. gone through a series of economic phases with two classes ruling class (bourgeoisie) and surplus workers (proletariat)
. Main idea is historic materialism - economic conflict is catalyst for historical and social development in society
Historic Materialism
Marxist theory that the economic base (the economic system) forms the superstructure (culture, politics, law, ideology, religion, art and social consciousness).
what was historical development driven by
. A dialectic
A dialectic
. A continuing chain of itnernal contradictions between two opposig forces (expolited and exploiters) and history would pass through stages ending with the state withering away and a perfect communist society
Marx and Engels
.Centrality of social class - historical materliams / revolutionary class consciousness and dialectic change
. Humans as social beings - true humanity only expressed under communism
. Private property brought class struggle all throughout history therefore was teological with a final destination of communism
. Proletariat to achieve class consciousness
class consciousness
A belief that you are a member of an economic group whose interests are opposed to people in other such groups
Who was heavily influenced by Marx
Rosa luxemburg - she was a determinist meaning people were slaves outside of their control
. BUT disgareed with historical materliasm and said could happen in LEDC
. Disagreed with no need for democracy after communist revolution
. Praised for anticipating the dictatorship of the party that had communist revoltuions e.g russia and china
Luxemburg war quote
all war is male
Luxemburg 'freedom
freedom is how free your oponent is
Luxemburg
. Evolutionary socialism flawed- left room to reform exploitation
. Struggle by proletariat for reform and democracy leads to class consciousness which would happen spontaneously
. Historical materliams flawed as no final stage was needed befre reforms
. internationalist rather than nationalist
End of history- Marx
Revisionism
Socialist thought that disagreed with Marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions.
democratic socialists
. ballot box rather than revolution
. Fabian society whose aim was to gradually advance socialism
. beatrice webb
Beatrice Webb
. ' inerviatbility of gradualness' parliamentary democracy will advane socialist goals
. expansion / revision of state
. highly trained elite to benignly organise a socialist society
. ' a national minimum of civilised life' in poor law commission
. beveridge report (1942)
.
webb quote of revolutionaries
" chaotic, ineffecient and counter productive"
social democracy
a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality
. utilise wealth created from free market via state intervention
. keynesian
. Disagreed that dialectics did nt drive social change
who's known for social democracy
. Anthony Crosland
. capitalism reformed not replaced
.
crosland slating marx
he "has little or nothing to offer to the contemporary socialist"
Crossland
.state managed capitalism ( mixed economy + state intervention)
. Contradictions in capitalism do not drive change - in postwar period the internal tensions required in marx's dialectic of historical materliams did not exist
Third Way
. A term used to describe the new and more central left-wing parties of the 1990s, most notably Britain's "New Labour".
. state must accept free market
. role of the state to move away from social and economic engineering favoured by social democracy and embrace social investement in infratsructure
. Emphasis on social inclusion and equality of opportunity/meritocracy
. traditional egalitarianism to be scaled back
.
Anthony Giddens
Third Way
rejections of state intervention acceptance of free market economy
. social inevestemnt in infratsructire and education
. harnass benefits of free market and neutralsie corrosive effects
. Neo liebral economy and social democracy society
core ideas
. Common humanity
. collectivism
. Equality
. Social class
. Workers control
common humanity
. social creates
. want to work together
. belief in fraternity and community underpinning
. All socialists concerned about unchecked effect of capitalism ( to differing degrees)
Collectivism
. positive HN means we work better together
. More effective in groups
. Revs wanted workforce to own all of industry as collective common ownership of common property would end class conflict
. Webb wanted cooperative federalism (business owned by customers) + would have strong trade union movement
. Crosland's social democracy suspicious of collectivism of marx + Giddens third way influenced by neo liberlas
equality
. social equality is the fundamental goal of socialism
.
Absolute equality
.receive same reward as long as contributions made to best of ability
. revolutionary socialists e.g marx engels and lux
. Economy based on common ownership and collectivisation
. rejecetd by other branches as too extreme
equality of outcome
. economic rewards fairer and more evenly distributed for similar outcomes
. favoured by dem socialists e.g webb
. reduce income inequality
. rejected by revs for not extreme enough and also by social dems and 3rd way for discriminating wealth creators
equality of opportunity
. equal chances
. supported by 3rd way and social dems
.crosland and giddens emohasis on education and targetting most vulnerable
equality of welfare
equal minimum standard of living guaranteed by state
. social dem crosland most enthusiastic
. favoured progresive taxation and universal welfare status
. Gidens and web favour welfare state but fear dependency culture