multi-store model ao3

• Maintenance rehearsal


  Repeating information to keep it in short-term memory
• Elaborative rehearsal


  Linking new information to existing knowledge to aid long-term memory
• Primacy effect


  Items presented at the beginning of a list are more likely to be remembered
• Recency effect


  Items presented at the end of a list are more likely to be remembered
• Atkinson and Shiffrin's Multi-store model of memory is a theory
• We must consider if the Multi-store model can explain all types of memory
• We must consider if there are instances where the Multi-store model cannot be applied
• Credibility of the Multi-store model

  • Strengths of the theory - what makes it believable
• Objections to the Multi-store model

  • Criticisms of the theory, what counts against it, where it doesn't work, what hasn't been fully explained
• Differences between the Multi-store model and other theories

  • How the theory differs from another theory that explains the same thing
• Applications of the Multi-store model

  • Is the theory useful in the real world?
• Evaluation of the Multi-store model comes in four different points
• Supporting evidence for the Multi-store model

  • Brain imaging techniques have been useful to provide supporting evidence for the model and that there is a difference between short-term and long-term memory
• The Multi-store model is too simplistic
• Long-term memory involves more than just maintenance rehearsal
• It is unclear how separate short-term and long-term memory are
• Strengths of the Multi-store model

  • The model is supported by research that shows short-term and long-term memory are separate stores
• Supporting evidence for the Multi-store model

  • Baddeley found that we mix up words that sound similar in short-term memory but mix up words with similar meanings in long-term memory
  • Capacity and duration studies
• Case studies have provided supporting evidence for the different memory stores
• The case of HM provides support for the Multi-store model
• The case of Clive Wearing also provides support for the Multi-store model
• The Multi-store model highlights that there are 3 distinct memory stores, however other memory models suggest there are more 'sub stores'
• The long-term memory store in the Multi-store model is considered too simplistic
• How long-term memory involves more than just maintenance rehearsal

  Craik and Tulving (1975) found that elaborative rehearsal, where you link new information to existing knowledge, is also needed for long-term storage
• Short-term memory may rely on long-term memory and therefore cannot come 'first' as suggested by the Multi-store model
• The Multi-store model is too simple as there is evidence that short-term memory is not a single store
• Evidence that short-term memory is not a single store

  • Shallice and Warrington (1970) studied patient KF, who had poor short-term memory for digits when read out loud but better recall when reading them to himself
• Long-term memory involves more than just prolonged rehearsal
• Evidence that long-term memory involves more than just rehearsal

  • Craik and Watkins (1973) found that elaborative rehearsal, where you link new information to existing knowledge, is also needed for long-term storage
• Fred forgot most of his lines in the school play because he did not rehearse them enough
• Dana forgot most of what her teacher had dictated as he said too many words in one go
• Eliza forgot most of what she learnt in last lesson as she did not find it very interesting
• Kalim forgot most of what he had revised for the test because he was in a strange room
• Dana's forgetting is associated with the capacity of memory
• Fred's forgetting is associated with the duration of memory