short & long term memory ao3

• Without looking in the textbook, can you recall any piece of research which explored the duration, capacity or encoding of STM or LTM
• What happened in that research?
• What do the results suggest?
• Memory - Short and long-term memory evaluation
• Stretch and challenge: Why is it important to know about the capacity, duration and encoding of memory stores?
• Complete the worksheet given
• LEAVE QUESTION 4 UNTIL THE END OF THE DOUBLE LESSON
• You have 20 minutes to complete the questions
• Stretch task: Complete the 'Apply It' questions in the green haired girl book on page 46 and 47
• How to evaluate research in psychology
• Evaluation points- strengths or weaknesses for

  • Coding
  • Capacity
  • Duration
  • Generalisability
  • Reliability
  • Applications
  • Validity
  • Ethical
  • Economic Implications
• Coding


  Artificial nature of the words lists, may not be appropriate across cultures and age ranges- due to complexity and perhaps mother tongue
• Capacity


  Daneman and Carpenter (1980) found that there may be individual differences between STM capacity suggesting that we cannot apply Jacob's findings to everyone in all situations
• Duration


  Peterson and Peterson used standardised methods to complete their research and therefore can be easily replicated by other researchers
• Generalisability


  Due to the artificial nature of the words lists, this may not be appropriate across cultures and age ranges- due to complexity and perhaps mother tongue
• Reliability


  When using Jacobs method the digits/letters used don't have as much semantic meaning so we are testing short term-memory only and these can not reliably be used for LTM
• Applications


  Due to the artificial nature of the words lists chosen and the highly controlled method. This research is not able to be applied to every day memory episodes- Lacking External Validity
• Validity


  Baddeley's Study was a lab study and may lack ecological validity, meaning we must be cautious when making conclusions about everyday experiences
• Ethical


  Jacobs- lacked control because participants could have been distracted by other sensory information- confounding variables
• Economic Implications


  The tests used in Millers experiment was dissimilar to real world testing and so we have to exercise caution when using these findings
• Outline and evaluate research into duration in memory. (8 marks)
• AO1: You get up to 3 marks for: knowledge of procedures and/or findings/conclusions of studies which investigate duration of sensory memory, STM or LTM, eg Peterson and Peterson - Trigrams study (1959), Bahrick - Yearbook study (1974)
• AO3: You get up to 5 marks for: Starting an evaluation point by signposting " A strength of Peterson and Peterson's research into Duration was/is…" "A Weakness of Peterson and Petersons research into duration was/is…" Point: State what the issue is Evidence: What evidence do you have for this? Explain: Why is this a good thing/ bad thing? Link: Link back to the question
• Evaluation of STM and LTM
• Answer these following questions which will help to evaluate STM and LTM…
• What did Cowan (2001) say about the capacity of STM?
• What research is there for the capacity of STM on visual stimuli and what did it suggest?
• Why does the size of the chunk of information matter?
• What did Jacob say digit span increases steadily with?
• Why is the testing artificial?
• What did Reitman find?
• Why might Baddeley not have tested LTM?
• How is STM not exclusively acoustic and semantic? (Brandimore et al, 1992)
• Stretch and challenge: Can you go through your work book and complete some of the further evaluative points?
• So what is the overall consensus about the capacity, duration and encoding of STM and LTM?
• Is there an agreement in information?