HUBS191 module 4

• Hyposecretion


  Not enough / too little hormone being secreted
• Hypersecretion


  Too much hormone being secreted
• Hyposensitivity


  Receptors are less sensitive so they become desensitized causing them to respond less or not at all
• Hypersensitivity


  Receptors are more sensitive and respond more than normal
• Cortisol related disorders


  • Addison's disease
  • Cushing's disease
• Growth hormone related disorders


  • Dwarfism
  • Gigantism
  • Acromegaly
• Calcium homeostasis disorders


  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hypoparathyroidism
• Thyroid hormone disorders


  • Infantile hypothyroidism
  • Adult hypothyroidism
  • Simple goitre
  • Graves disease
• Glucose homeostasis disorders


  • Type I diabetes mellitus
  • Type II diabetes mellitus / insulin resistance
• Addison's disease


  Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone or autoimmune disease which attacks the adrenal cortex
• Symptoms of Addison's disease

  • Muscle weakness
  • Fatigue
• Cushing's disease


  Hypersecretion of cortisol, adrenal cortex tumors and glucocorticoid medication
• Cushing's disease


  • Moon face
  • Buffalo hump
• Dwarfism


  Hyposecretion of growth hormone and genetic mutations / inheritance
• Dwarfism


  • Short stature
• Gigantism


  Hypersecretion of growth hormone before long bones have stopped growing
• Gigantism


  • Tall stature
• Acromegaly


  Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bones have stopped growing
• Acromegaly


  • Large and irregularly shaped extremities
  • Characteristic facial features
• Hyperparathyroidism


  Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone or parathyroid tumor
• Hyperparathyroidism


  • Soft, fragile bones
  • Kidney stones
• Hypoparathyroidism


  Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone or damaged parathyroid glands
• Hypoparathyroidism


  • Muscle spasms
  • Cramps
• Infantile hypothyroidism


  Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone, poorly developed thyroid glands and lack of iodine in mothers diet
• Infantile hypothyroidism


  • Swollen tongue
  • Delayed growth and development
• Adult hypothyroidism


  Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone, autoimmune disease or iodine deficiency
• Adult hypothyroidism


  • Low metabolic rate
  • Weight gain
• Simple goitre


  Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
• Simple goitre


  • A goitre
• Graves disease


  Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
• Graves disease


  • Bulging eyes
  • Low metabolic rate and weight loss
• Type I diabetes mellitus

  Hyposecretion of insulin
• Type I diabetes mellitus

  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
• Treatment for type I diabetes mellitus

  Insulin injections
• Type II diabetes mellitus / insulin resistance


  Hyposensitivity to insulin and unhealthy lifestyle
• Type II diabetes mellitus / insulin resistance

  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
• Treatment for type II diabetes mellitus / insulin resistance

  Good diet and exercise