unit 2

Created by

Tiffany Cai

Cards (35)

Fuel 
Name given to a substance that can be burned to release energy
Combustion 
The reaction of a substance with oxygen, which gives out energy. Substances often need to be burned for this reaction to happen
Exothermic reaction 
A reaction that gives out heat. The burning of a fuel is an example of this.
Endothermic reaction 
A reaction that takes in heat from its surroundings
relight 
The test for oxyen: when a glowing splint is put to the mouth of a test tube, it will ________.
Carbon dioxide 
Product of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
Nitrogen dioxide 
A Pollutant gas produced by the spark of a car engine reacting with nitrogen and oxygen in the air. It dissolves to form acidic solutions
Hydrocarbon 
Compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen only. Crude oil is a mixture of these compounds and examples include alkanes and alkenes.
Products of combustion of a hydrocarbon
The products of this reaction are carbon dioxide and water.
Homologous series 
A group of compounds with similar chemical properties that can be represented by a general formula and have gradual change in physical properties such as melting and boiling points.
Alkanes 
The simplest homologous series of hydrocarbons, named methane, ethane, propane, etc. They are saturated hydrocarbons due to the fact that they contain only single carbon-to-carbon bonds. Their general formula is Cn H 2n + 2.
Cycloalkanes 
A homologous series of hydrocarbons with cyclic shapes, named cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, etc. Their general formula is Cn H 2n. They are saturated.
Alkenes 
A homologous series of hydrocarbons with a carbon-to-carbon double bond. This is the functional group, and they are unsaturated because of this feature. Their general formula is Cn H 2n and their names are ethene, propene, butene, etc.
Isomers 
Two compound that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are described as being ___________.
Saturated 
A hydrocarbon is described as being __________ if it contains no carbon-to-carbon double bonds and so is not reactive. E.g, the alkanes.
Unsaturated 
A hydrocarbon is described as being __________ if it contains carbon-to-carbon double bonds and so is reactive. E.g, the alkenes. Hydrocarbons of this variety will rapidly decolourise Bromine solution.
Decolourise 
Unsaturated hydrocarbors will rapidly ___________ bromine solution. This is the chemical test for unsaturation.
Addition reaction 
A type of chemical reaction where an unsaturated hydrocarbon reacts with another substance across the double bond. (The molecule effectively 'adds' in place of the double bond.)
Hydrogenation 
A reaction describing the addition of hydrogen to an alkene.
Hydration 
A reaction describing the addition of water to an alkene.
Ethanol 
An alcohol with the formula C2H5OH.
Alcohols 
Homologous series containing the hydroxyl functional group, -OH. Its general formula is Cn H2n+1 OH.
Carboxylic acid 
Homologous series containing the carboxyl functional group, -COOH. General formula is Cn H2n+1 COOH
Hydroxyl group 
functional group of an alcohol -OH
Carboxyl group 
functional group of a carboxylic acid -COOH
pH of a carboxylic acid
less than 7
ethanoic acid 
CH3COOH
Properties of an alcohol
highly flammable and burns with a clean, blue flame. Methanol, ethanol and propanol are soluble in water, thereafter their solubility decreases as size increases.
Properties of a carboxylic acid
pH of less than 7. methanoic, ethanoic and propanoic acid are all soluble in water, thereafter their solubility decreases as size increases.
sodium hydroxide + ethanoic acid 
Sodium ethanoate + water
magnesium + propanoic acid
magnesium propanoate + hydrogen
sodium oxide + methanoic acid
sodium methanoate + water
calcium carbonate + ethanoic acid 
calcium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
Formula for calculating enthalpy of combustion
Eh = cmΔT
Specific heat capacity of water
4.18 kJ kg−1 °C−1