nonverbal communicaiton

• Non verbal communication includes what (definition then list them)

  -Anything other than the words

  -With or without intention

  -With or without permission

  
  

  -Hand gestures

  -Facial expressions.

  -Voice (high-pitched or loud voice)

  -Posture

  -Touch

  -Clothes
• Stats on Non verbal communication according to Mehrabian

  -93% Non Verbal

  -53% from the face

  -38% from the voice

  -7% from words
• Stats on Non verbal communication according to Argyle

  81%
• Stats on Non verbal communication according to Hsee

  80%
• Stats on Non verbal communication according to Burgoon


  60-66%
• The importance of non verbal communication goes up when


  When verbal and non verbal channels are in conflict
• Sarcasm


  -Communicate positive via verbal channel

  -Convey negative via non verbal channel
• Teasing


  -Communicate negative via verbal channel

  -Coney positive via non verbal channel
• What are hand gestures used for

  -Emblem

  -Illustrator
• What is an Illustrator

  Hand gesture used to:

  
  

  -Amplify message or

  -Communicate feelings

  -Speak more fluently
• What is an Emblem used for

  To communicate complex nuanced information
• Paul Ekman's six basic emotions

  Happiness.

  Surprise.

  Sadness.

  Fear.

  Disgust.

  And anger.
• Paul Ekman's additional basic emotions


  Amusement

  Contempt

  Contentment,

  Embarrassment

  Excitement

  Guilt

  Pride

  Relief

  Satisfaction

  Sensory pleasure

  Shame.
• Powerful evidence for emotional expression being hard wired/evolutionary

  -Blind and deaf children smile same age

  -Limited cultural variation
• Cross cultural variation in non verbal behaviours

  -Ratings of intensity of emotions
• Baby's demonstrate fear and disgust what age

  Immediately
• Baby's demonstrate smile at what age

  6-8 weeks
• Full spectrum of emotions demonstrated by what age

  6 months
• Some emotions seen across species such as snarling which species?

  -Monkeys

  -Dogs

  -Cats

  -Humans
• Neurocultural theory


  -Inhibit emotions

  -Cross cultural differences

  -Emblems/hand gestures various meanings across cultures
• Minimal encouragers


  -Show your listening

  -Vocal encouragements

  -Head nods
• Direct body orientation


  Face squarely
• Indirect body orientation


  Two position body's at angle to each other
• Non verbal cues of lying

  -High pitched voice due to vocal cord constriction due to stress

  -Biggest indicator
• Theory's on deception


  -Emotional

  -Cognitive

  -Self presentation perspective
• Emotional theory perspective of lying (Ekman)

  -Heightened arousal

  -Physiological reactions

  -Increased movements

  -Increased speech disturbances
• Cognitive theory perspective of lying (Burgoon)

  -Deception cognitively complex

  -Cognitive load increased

  -Body language neglected

  -Reduction in movement

  -Increased speech disturbances

  -Slower speech and pauses
• Attempted control approach to lying (DePaulo)

  -Attempts to control behaviour

  -Rigid and inhibited

  -Decreased movement

  -Decreased speech
• DePaulo's attempted control approach also called

  Self presentation perspective
• Detecting lying in speech

  -Rate of speech

  -Number of disturbances
• Best indicator of lying

  Voice pitch
• Easier to tell liar opposed to face to face

  Distracted in person
• Non reliable indicators of lying

  -Gaze (eg:looking to left)

  -Smiling

  -Shifting position
• In relation to a liar's speech what gives it away

  -Increase in speech disturbances

  -Slower speech rate

  -Move less
• Facial expressions and emotions

  -Communicates emotions

  -6 basic emotions

  -All other emotions blends

  -6 emotions have distinct facial expression attached
• Why people smile


  -Happy

  -Flat

  -Masking
• Fake smile communicated via what

  Mouth
• Real smile communicated via what

  Muscles in checks and eyes
• Sadness communicated via what

  Eye brows
• Hardest emotion to spot

  Saddness