para

• The incorrect match between organism and the appropriate diagnostic procedure is:

  
  

  a. Ochocerca volvulus - examination of skin snips

  b. Cryptosporidium - modified acid fast stain

  c. Echinococcus granulosus - routine ova and parasite exam

  d. Schistosoma haematobium - examination of urine sediment


  c. Echinococcus granulosus - routine ova and parasite exam
• In a patient w/ diarrhea, occasionally Entamoeba histolytica/ E. dispar (four nucleated cysts, no chromatoidal bars) are identified as being present; however, these cells, which are misdiagnosed as protozoa, are really:

  
  

  a. macrophages

  b. PMNs

  c. epithelial cells

  d. eosinophils

  b. PMNs
• Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated w/ an immune response and are thought to be the breakdown products of:

  
  

  a. Neutrophils

  b. Eosinophils

  c. Monocytes

  d. Lymphocytes

  b. Eosinophils
• Parasitic organisms that are most often transmitted sexually include:

  
  

  a. Entamoeba gingivalis

  b. Dientamoeba fragilis

  c. Trichomonas vaginalis

  d. Diphyllobothrium latum

  c. Trichomonas vaginalis
• The incorrect match between the organism and one method of acquiring the infection is:

  
  

  a. Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense - bite of sand fleas

  b. Giardia lamblia - ingestion of water contaminated with cysts

  c. Hookworm - skin penetration of larvae from soil

  d. Toxoplasma gondii - ingestion of raw or rare meats

  a. Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense - bite of sand fleas
• Upon examination of stool material for Isospora belli, one would expect to see:

  
  

  a. Cysts containing sporozoites

  b. Precysts containing chromatoidal bars

  c. Oocysts that are acid-fast

  d. Sporozoites that are hematoxylin-positive

  c. Oocysts that are acid-fast
• Which specimen is the LEAST likely to provide recovery of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  
  

  a. urine

  b. urethral discharge

  c. vaginal discharge

  d. feces


  d. fecesSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• Which of the following is the best technique to identify Dientamoeba fragilis in stool?

  
  

  a. Formalin concentration

  b. Trichrome-stained smear

  c. modified acid-fast-stained smear

  d. Giemsa's stain

  b. Trichrome-stained smear
• One of the following protozoan organisms has been implicated in waterborne and foodborne outbreaks within the U.S. The suspect organism is:

  
  

  a. Trichomonas hominis

  b. Dientamoeba fragilis

  c. Giardia lamblia

  d. Balantidium coli

  c. Giardia lamblia
• A Gram stain from a gum lesion showed what appeared to be amoebae. A trichrome smear showed amoebae w/ a single nucleus and partially digested PMNs. The correct ID is:

  
  

  a. Trichomonas tenax

  b. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar

  c. Entamoeba gingivalis

  d. Entamoeba polecki

  c. Entamoeba gingivalis
• An Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite has the following characteristics:

  
  

  a. central karysome in the nucleus, ingested RBCs, and clear pseudopodia

  b. ingested RBCs, clear pseudopodia, and uneven chromatin on the nuclear membrane

  c. ingested RBCs, clear pseudopodia, and large glycogen vacuoles in cytoplasm

  d. Large, blotlike karysome, ingested WBCs, and granular pseudopods


  a. central karysome in the nucleus, ingested RBCs, and clear pseudopodiaSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• A 12-yr-old girl is brought to the ER w/ meningitis and a history of swimming in a warm-water spring. Motile amoebae that measure 10 um in size are seen in the CSF and are most likely:

  
  

  a. Iodamoeba butschlii trophs

  b. Endolimax nana trophs

  c. Dientamoeba fragilis trophs

  d. Naegleria fowleri trophs


  d. Naegleria fowleri trophsSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• Characteristics of the rhabditiform (noninfective) larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis include a:

  
  

  a. short buccal capsule and large genital primordium

  b. long buccal capsule and pointed tail

  c. short buccal capsule and small genital primordium

  d. small genital primordium and notch in tail

  a. short buccal capsule and large genital primordium
• Visceral larva migrans is associated w/ which of the following organisms?

  
  

  a. Toxocara - serology

  b. Onchocerca - skin snips

  c. Dracunculus - skin biopsy

  d. Angiostrongylus - CSF exam

  a. Toxocara - serology
• The following organisms are linked w/ specific, relevant information. The incorrect combination is:

  
  

  a. Strongyloides stercoralis - internal autoinfection

  b. Echinococcus granulosus - hydatid examination

  c. Pneumocystis carinii - more than 50% of population Ab-pos by age 4

  d. Balantidium coli - common w/in the U.S.

  d. Balantidium coli - common w/in the U.S.
• Examination of 24-hr unpreserved urine specimen is sometimes helpful in the recovery of:

  
  

  a. Trichomonas vaginalis trophs

  b. Schistosoma haematobium eggs

  c. Enterobius vermicularis eggs

  d. Strongyloides stercoralis larvae

  b. Schistosoma haematobium eggs
• The examination of sputum may be necessary to diagnose infection w/:

  
  

  a. Paragonimus westermani

  b. Trichinella spiralis

  c. Wuchereria bancrofti

  d. Fasciola hepatica

  a. Paragonimus westermani
• Two helminth eggs that may resemble one another are:

  
  

  a. Diphyllobothrium latum and Paragonimus westermani

  b. Opisthorchis sinensis and Fasciolopsis buski

  c. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepsis nana

  d. Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichostrongylus


  a. Diphyllobothrium latum and Paragonimus westermani
• Eating poorly cooked pork can lead to an infection with:

  
  

  a. Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis

  b. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepsis nana

  c. Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepsis diminuta

  d. Diphyllobothrium latum and Ascaris lumbricoides

  a. Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis
• An operculated cestode egg that can be recovered from human feces is:

  
  

  a. Clonorchis sinensis

  b. Diphyllobothrium latum

  c. Paragonimus westermani

  d. Dipylidium caninum

  b. Diphyllobothrium latum
• The adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus is found in the intestine of:

  
  

  a. dogs

  b. sheep

  c. humans

  d. cattle

  a. dogs
• In infections w/ Taenia solium, humans can serve as the:

  
  

  a. definitive host

  b. intermediate host

  c. either the definitive or the intermediate host

  d. none of the above

  c. either the definitive or the intermediate host
• Humans can acquire infections w/ Diphyllobothrium latum adult worms by:

  
  

  a. ingestion of freshwater crabs

  b. skin penetration of cercariae

  c. ingestion of water chestnuts

  d. ingestion of raw freshwater fish

  d. ingestion of raw freshwater fish
• Humans can serve as both the intermediate and definitive host in infections caused by:

  
  

  a. Enterobius vermicularis

  b. Hymenolepsis nana

  c. Schistosoma japonicum

  d. Ascaris lumbricoides

  b. Hymenolepsis nana
• Babesia is an organism that has been implicated in disease from both splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients. Morphologically, the parasites resemble:

  
  

  a. Plasmodium falciparum rings

  b. Leishmania donovani amastigotes

  c. Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes

  d. Pneumocystis carinii cysts

  a. Plasmodium falciparum rings
• Organisms (and infections) that under normal conditions cannot be transmitted in the lab are:

  
  

  a. Cryptosporidium - cryptosporidiosis

  b. Taenia solium - cysticercosis

  c. Ascaris lumbricoides - ascariasis

  d. Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm infections

  c. Ascaris lumbricoides - ascariasis
• Toxoplasma gondii is characterized by:

  
  

  a. possible congenital infection and ingestion of oocysts

  b. cosmopolitan distribution and possible difficulties w/ interpretation of serological results

  c. none of the above

  d. both A and B

  d. both A and B
• Oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp can be detected in stool specimen using:

  
  

  a. modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain

  b. Gram's stain

  c. Methenamine silver stain

  d. Trichrome stain

  a. modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain
• Which microfilariae are usually NOT found circulating in the peripheral blood?

  
  

  a. Brugia malayi

  b. Wuchereria bancrofti

  c. Onchocerca volvulus

  d. Loa loa

  c. Onchocerca volvulus
• Massive hemolysis, blackwater fever, and central nervous system involvement are most common with:

  
  

  a. Plasmodium vivax

  b. Plasmodium falciparum

  c. Plasmodium ovale

  d. Plasmodium malariae

  b. Plasmodium falciparum
• Organisms that should be considered in a nursery school outbreak of diarrhea include:

  
  

  a. Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba coli

  b. Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Cryptosporidium parvum

  c. Cryptosporidium parvum, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Entamoeba coli

  d. Trichomonas hominis, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Endolimax nana

  b. Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Cryptosporidium parvum
• The incorrect match between disease and symptoms is:

  
  

  a. paragonimiasis - hemoptysis

  b. Cryptosporidiosis - watery diarrhea

  c. Toxoplasmosis in compromised host - central nervous system symptoms

  d. Enterobiasis - dysentary

  d. Enterobiasis - dysentary
• The formalin-ether (ethyl acetate) concentration procedure for feces is used to demonstrate:

  
  

  a. motility of helminth larvae

  b. protozoan cysts and helminth eggs

  c. formation of amoebic pseudopods

  d. trophozoites

  b. protozoan cysts and helminth eggs
• Cysts of Iodamoeba butschlii typically have:

  
  

  a. Chromatoidal bars w/ rounded ends

  b. a heavily vacuolated cytoplasm

  c. a large glycogen vacuole

  d. many ingested bacteria and yeast cells


  c. a large glycogen vacuole
• The miracidial hatching test helps to demonstrate the viability of eggs of:

  
  

  a. Taenia species

  b. Schistosoma species

  c. Hookworm species

  d. Opisthorchis species

  b. Schistosoma species
• Organisms that should be considered in a waterborne outbreak of diarrheal disease include:

  
  

  a. Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum

  b. Endolimax nana and Entamoeba histolytica

  c. Blastocystis hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis

  d. Toxoplasma gondii and Schistosoma mansoni

  a. Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum
• BAL specimens have become much more widely used in:

  
  

  a. any suspect patient w/ both toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis

  b. pediatric patients w/ pulmonary paragonimiasis

  c. AIDS patients w/ suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia

  d. Immunocompromised patients w/ disseminated strongyloides

  c. AIDS patients w/ suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Primary infections w/ microsporidia may originate in:

  
  

  a. the lung

  b. the nervous system

  c. the GI tract

  d. mucocutaneous lesions

  c. the GI tract
• Eye infections w/ Acanthamoeba spp have most commonly been traced to:

  
  

  a. use of soft contact lenses

  b. use of hard contact lenses

  c. use of contaminated lens care solutions

  d. failure to remove lenses while swimming


  c. use of contaminated lens care solutionsSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• Select the most sensitive recovery method for Acanthamoeba spp from the lens care solutions or corneal biopsies:

  
  

  a. trichrome stain

  b. monoclonal reagents for the detection of Ab

  c. non-nutrient agar cultures seeded w/ E. coli

  d. Giemsa stain


  c. non-nutrient agar cultures seeded w/ E. coli