Milgram's variations

• Proximity variation


  When the teacher and learner were in the same room rather than adjoining rooms, the obedience rate dropped to 40%.
• Touch Proximity variation


  When the teacher had to force the learners hand onto a shock plate to receive the shock, obedience rate dropped to 30%.
• Remote instruction variation


  When the experimenter gave instructions via telephone, obedience rate dropped to 20.5%.
• Location variation


  When the experiment was carried out in a run-down office building rather than ale University, obedience rate dropped to 47.5%.
• Uniform Variation


  When the experimenter was called away at the start of the procedure, and the role of the experimenter was taken over by an 'ordinary member of the public' in 'everyday clothes', obedience rate dropped to 20%.