Criminal psychology

• Crime

  Unlawful action punishable by law
• Modelling

  Attention- Pay attention to the behavior

  Retention- Think about the behavior

  Repetition- Repeat the behavior

  Motivation- You have to be motivated to repeat the behavior

  Identification- Adopt the behavior as your own
• Vicarious reinforcement

  When something benefits someone else and then motivates another individual to repeat the behavior to recieve the same benefit
• Intrinsic motivation

  When you gain satisfaction from doing something rather than a physical reward
• Extrinsic motivation

  Gain something separate from the thing itself (winning a trophy for a race)
• Eysenck's personality questionnaire

  A psychometric test used to test a person's personality based on 3 traits (psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism)
• Recidivism

  The rate at which criminals re-offend, usually described as a percentage
• Rehabilitation

  A program designed to help offenders, rather than punish them
• Pro-social behavior

  Behavior that is positive and helpful
• Anti-social behavior

  Behavior that is unhelpful to the law or others, and may be an annoyance
• Social learning theory

  Learning through watching other people
• Personality theory

  Psychoticism- Not empathetic

  Empathetic- Very empathetic

  Extraversion- Gets joy from being outside

  Introversion- Enjoys being inside

  (unstable) neuroticism- Respond quickly in stressful situations

  neuroticism- Very calm in stressful situations
• Treatments

  Token economy- Uses operant conditioning as a secondary reinforcer, once a prisoner has enough 'tokens' they can exchange them for rewards

  
  

  Anger management-

  1. cognitive preparation- reflect on anger
  2. skills acquisition- learn skills to help
  3. Application practice- practice skills
• Punishments

  Prison- a person is locked away and denied civil liberties

  Community sentencing- a person is required to give back to the community, such as litter picking

  Restorative justice- a person has to apologise to their victim
• The self-fulfilling prophecy

  When an individual who has been labeled in a certain way (such as being called a criminal), begins to take on board that label and starts to act in the manner of which they have been labelled (committing crimes)