AP nd Eng

• Volatility is the degree to which events and situations change quickly, often unpredictably.

  It is the most obvious of the four VUCA concepts, and many stakeholders are familiar with it. The other three components are more complex and can easily be overlooked.
• Uncertainty is the degree to which outcomes of events and situations are unknown or unpredictable. This is an area where stakeholders can often be caught off guard, as it's difficult to anticipate every potential outcome.
• Complexity is the degree to which events and situations are composed of many interconnected parts. This is an area where stakeholders need to be aware of the potential for subtle relationships between different elements, as well as the potential for unforeseen consequences of their decisions.
• Ambiguity is the degree to which meanings of words, actions, and situations are not clear. It refers to the fact that there may be multiple interpretations of what is happening, making it challenging to make informed decisions.
• The term "VUCA" was coined by the U.S. Army War College in the late 1980s to describe the post-Cold War world environment. However, its use has expanded beyond military contexts to include business, education, politics, and other areas.
• When a sentence is written in the active voice, the subject performs the action; in the passive voice, the subject receives the action
• Direct Speech/Quoted Speech uses the actual words spoken by the speaker and it also uses quotation marks enclosing the actual utterance of the direct speaker.
• Indirect Speech/Reported Speech does not use the actual words of the speaker, it also changes the tense of the sentence because it is usually used to talk about the past and it does not use quotation marks compare to the Direct speech.
• If it is PRESENT make it PAST
• If it is already PAST make it PERFECT and if it is already Perfect, NO Change must happen.
• If it is WILL, CAN, MAY, SHALL and MUST make it WOULD, COULD, MIGHT, SHOULD and HAD TO
• If It is already WOULD, COULD, MIGHT, SHOULD and HAD TO, NO Change must happen.