Covalent Bonding

• Covalent bonds are formed by non metals
• Covalent bonds share electrons

  
• A displayed formula of a covalent bond of two chlorine would be:

  Cl-Cl
• Displayed forumlas are useful for drawing big molecules that would take too long to draw as dot and cross diagrams
• Displayed formulas don't show anything about the 3D shape of the molecule. For this we use a 3D model to show the shape of the molecule in real life.
• Simple molecular substances

  • Small molecules
  • Atoms joined by strong covalent bonds
  • Between molecules only weak intermolecular forces
• Polymers

  • Long chains made up of repeating units (monomers)
• Giant Covalent Structures

  • Silicon Dioxide, Diamond, Graphite
  • Billions or trillions of atoms are arranged in a regular lattice
  • Really strong