Rivers

• LONG PROFILE- illustrates the change in gradient of land as the river flows from source from mouth
• CROSS PROFILE- illustrates how valley shape changes as river flows downstream
• FLUVIAL PROCESSES: 1) Erosion= Hydraulic action, Abrasion, Solution, Attrition. 2) Transportation= Solution, Suspension, Traction, Saltation
• INTERLOCKING SPUR FORMATION: formed in upper course when a river winds around a band of more resistant rock
• WATERFALL FORMATION: 1) a river meets a band of softer, less resistant rock. 2) The softer, less resistant rock gets eroded more quickly through abrasion and hydraulic action. 3) Water undercuts more resistant rock causing a plunge pool to form under the overhang. 4) overhang collapses, waterfall retreats, gorge formed