B3- The structure, function and disorders respiratory system

• Outline the Function of the Trachea

  • part of the airway taking air down to back up from the lungs
  • a tube allowing ventilation of the lungs
• Outline the Function of the Alveoli

  • Site of gas exchange, oxygen diffuses into the blood. carbon dioxide diffuse out of the blood
  • Part of lungs/ air sacs allowing oxygenation of the blood
• Explain the Role of Ciliated Epithelial tissue in the Respiratory System

  • Prevent infection by removing bacteria trapped in mucus out the respiratory system
• Two effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

  • Breathlessness - causing poor mobility
  • Thick mucus - blocking airways
• One way the lungs are adapted for effective gas exchange

  The lungs have a large surface area (1)

  which allows a lot of diffusion of gases to occur (1)
• Two symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

  • Increasing breathlessness (1) cause by a damage to the alveoli (1) 
  • Persistent wheezing (1) caused by the build-up of mucus (1) 
• Describe how alveoli is adapted to its function

  Alveoli are small air sacs (1)

  Gas exchange (1)

  Have a larger surface area (1)

  Thin membrane (1)
• Role of air passage in the nose

  • Transfer air to the respiratory system
• Explain how respiratory muscles allow ventilation of the lungs

  • The intercostal muscles contract,
  • lifting the ribcage
  • increasing the volume of thorax,
  • causing inhalation
• Effect of smoking on the body systems

  • Tar prevents cilia moving - leading to infections
  • Can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
  • Increased chance of cardiovascular disease
  • Increased risk of cancer of the lungs
  • Increases chance of bronchitis
  • Cancer can affect nose, mouth
  • Carbon Monoxide decreases the efficiency of blood to carry oxygen
  • Can exacerbate asmtha
• Function of Diaphragm

  • Increase the volume of the chest, by contracting
• Function of Intercostal muscles

  • Reduces the pressure in the chest, by lifting the ribs
• Explain how asthma affects someones ability to breathe

  • Asthma causes the upper air passages to constrict
  • The volume of the lungs is not affected
  • It is harder to get air in and out the lungs
  • The peak flow is the reduced ability to get oxygen in the lungs
  • The constricted airways causing wheezing
• Role of Air Passages in Nose

  • Transfer air into the respiratory system
  • Filtering out air to prevent infection
• Outline the Function of Trachea

  • Part of the airway,
  • that takes air down to the lungs
• Outline the Function of Bronchi


  ..
• Role of Ciliated Epithelial Tissue in Respiratory

  • Prevent infection
  • By removing bacteria
  • Trapped in the mucus
  • Out of the respiratory system
• Role of Intercostal muscles in inhalation

  • Lifts the ribs
  • Increasing the volume of the lungs
• Role of Diaphragm in Exhalation

  • Relaxes
  • Reducing the volume of the chest cavity
• Effects of breathing rate regulated

  • Receptors detect oxygen levels
  • Receptors in lungs detect the amount of inflation
  • The voluntary nervous system can control the breathing rate
  • an override the respiratory system
• What is Diffusion?

  • Diffusion is the process whereby gases move from an area of high pressure to low pressure.
• Role of Diffusion in Respiratory System

  • Internal respiration - this is the movement in the internal tissues between cells and capillaries
  • External respiration - when gas is exchanged between the alveoli and lung capillaries.
• Pneunomia


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• Describe how asthma attacks body systems

  • Asthma is the narrowing of upper respiratory system
  • It is caused by a reduction of oxygen levels and an increase in carbon dioxide as effective ventilation is prevented by the narrow airways.
  • Respiratory - wheezing, coughing, tight chest - these may develop to constant and severe
  • Circulatory - rapid heartbeat
  • Nervous - drowsiness, confusion