case studies

• typhoon haiyan


  in the Philippines (LIC)

  nov 2013

  category 5

  strong winds and high waves

  most damage from the storm surge
• primary effects of typhoon haiyan

  6300 killed

  600,000 people displaced

  40,000 homes destroyed

  90% of Tacloban city destroyed

  airport damaged
• secondary effects of typhoon haiyan

  14 million affected

  6 million lost source of income

  landslides blocked roads

  power cut off

  shortage of necessities

  looting and violence
• immediate responses to typhoon haiyan

  international aid services

  US aircraft for search and rescue

  1200 evacuation centres

  UK shelter kits

  field hospitals set up

  food aid
• long-term responses to typhoon haiyan

  UN and others donated financial aid and supplies

  roads rebuilt

  people were paid to clear debris

  farming was re-established

  homes built away from flood risk areas

  cyclone shelters
• nepal earthquake


  LIC

  apr 2015

  7.9 on richter scale

  destructive plate margin

  formed some himalayas
• primary effects of nepal earthquake

  9000 deaths

  3 million homeless

  electricity and water affected

  cost about $5 billion
• secondary effects of nepal earthquake

  landslides blocked roads

  avalanches on mt everest killed 19

  no tsunami
• immediate responses to nepal earthquake

  international rescue teams

  field hospitals

  financial aid pledged
• long term responses for nepal earthquake

  roads repaired

  new routes on mt everest

  schools and houses to be rebuilt
• chile earthquake


  HIC

  feb 2010

  8.8 on richter scale

  destructive plate margin

  tsunami warnings issued
• primary effects on chile earthquake

  500 killed

  lost power, water, and comms

  cost of $30 billion
• secondary effects for chile earthquake

  landslides damaged roads

  a fire near Santiago

  tsunamis ruined coastal towns
• immediate responses for chile earthquake


  field hospitals

  power and water restored in 10 days

  money raised for shelters
• long term responses for chile earthquake

  4 years to fully recover

  housing reconstruction

  economy rebuilt without foreign aid
• somerset levels floods


  south west england

  farmland and settlement

  high tides and storm surges
• social impacts of somerset floods

  600 houses flooded

  power supplies cut off

  villages cut off
• economic impacts of somerset floods

  damage was £10 million

  1000 livestock evacuated

  railway line closed
• environmental impacts of somerset floods

  floodwater contaminated with sewage and chemicals

  debris had to be cleaned

  water had to be reoxygenated before put back in river
• beast from the east

  march 2018

  temps to -10 degrees

  extreme weather
• primary effects of beast from the east

  20cm of snow fell in 3 days

  waves battered coastlines

  winds of 70mph
• secondary effects of beast from the east

  gas deficit warning

  trains stranded on tracks overnight

  homes left without power
• responses to beast from the east

  armed forces deployed rescue drivers to drive NHS workers to work

  delivery drivers handed out food to stranded cars

  community centers for shelters for the homeless
• deforestation in the Amazon

  NEE

  causes - mineral extraction, road building, population growth, selling wood
• impacts of deforestation in the Amazon

  climate change

  economic development (brings jobs and income)

  soil erosion

  loss of biodiversity

  loss of indigenous tribes

  politics (president making it worse)
• development opportunities in Svalbard

  300 jobs in coal mining

  150 species of fish (breeding grounds)

  geothermal energy

  300 jobs in tourism
• development challenges in Svalbard

  extreme temperatures

  construction (must take place in summer)

  permafrost melting and damages buildings

  accessibility (only by plane or ship)
• coastal landforms in Dorset (Lyme Regis)


  south coast of england

  bands of chalk, limestone, and clay, sand

  sea arches

  cove

  sea stack and stump

  beaches
• coastal management at Lyme regis

  £22 million spent on sea walls

  £1.4 million spent on cliff stabilisation

  wide sand and shingle beach to absorb wave energy
• outcomes of coast management at lyme regis

  • new beaches have increased tourists (increases litter and congestion)
  • defences have worked (ruined natural landscape)
  • harbour is better protected benefitting fishermen
  • cliff stabilisation worked (harder to find fossils as less landslides)
• river tees


  waterfall in upper course

  meanders in middle course

  levees in lower course