ARTAPP

• Media of Art


  Substance or materials out of which the work of art is made
• Media of Art


  • Painting: Surface (canvass), pigment (oil paint)
  • Sculpture/ Architecture: Stone, wood, metal, and glass
  • Music: Human voice, musical instruments
  • Dance: Motion of the human body
  • Literature: written or oral language
  • Drama: Theater: Action and spoken language; Motion Picture/ Cinema/ Movie: Film
• Elements of Art


  • Painting - VISUAL: points, lines, shapes, size, values, texture
  • Sculpture/ Architecture - FORMAL: Lines, shape, size, color, space; FUNCTIONAL: Roof, wall, floor
  • Music - AUDITORY: Rhythm, pitch, melody, harmony, dynamics, tempo, timbre
  • Dance - KINESTHETIC: Body, action, space, time, energy
  • Literature - LITERARY: Character, theme, plot, point of view, setting, conflict, tone
  • Drama - PERFORMATIVE: Actors, acts, script, dialogue, scene, props theater
• Point


  Most basic visual element, has no dimension
• Line


  One dimensional, a path of a moving point, or points in a series
• Shapes


  The boundaries or edges of an object
• Value


  The application of light and dark in a painting
• Shading


  Darkening the area on the surface of the object
• Shadowing


  Darkening the area on a receiving surface
• Chiaroscuro


  Application of light and dark that enhances the shape of a figure
• Sfumato


  Smokey effect which creates a sense of mystery
• Texture


  The sense of touch
• Color


  Considered as the most beautiful visual element; produced by light striking a surface
• Hue


  Distinguishes one color from the other
• Value


  The lightness and darkness of a color
• Tint


  Adding white to a color
• Shade


  Adding black to a color
• Saturation


  The intensity of color; expressed as a degree to which it differs from white
• Principles of Design and Composition

  • Harmony and Variety
  • Balance
  • Dominance
• Harmony and Variety


  Achieved by moderation
• Balance


  Equality in attention or attraction of visual elements
• Dominance


  Way of emphasizing a particular element over the others
• Aesthetic Formalism


  Based on the principle of HYLOMORPHISM, the doctrine that physical objects result from the combination of matter and form
• Form of Beauty


  • Fundamental Principle - has order and structure
  • Specific Principle - has proportion and integrity
  • Individual Principle - has simplicity
• Harmony of Proportion


  According to Marco Vitruvio, man is spiritual (circle), material (square), mystical (triangle), and supernatural (five-sided star)
• The Golden Measure


  Mathematics is found in several works of art, architecture, nature, the human body, and other living and non-living things
• Auditory Elements


  • Rhythm - LENGTH: longness and shortness of tones
  • Pitch - HEIGHT: Highness and Lowness of tones
  • Dynamics - VOLUME: Loudness and softness of tones
  • Tempo - SPEED: Fastness and Slowness of tones
  • Tone - Sound of music
  • Note - Written note
• Cultural Relativism in Aesthetics

  Every Culture has its perception and concept of beauty
• Cultural Standard of Beauty

  • Suri People in Africa - a Mursi woman, wears plate in her lower lip which determines her beauty and acceptance in her society
  • Padaung People in Myanmar - a Padaung woman, has a long neck with spiral rings which determines her beauty in society
  • Chinese People (China before 1917) - foot binding in China determines beauty as well as status in society
• Goals of Life in Hindu Life and Religion

  • Dharma - duty to family and society
  • Artha - accumulation of wealth and power
  • Kama - the experience of pleasure
  • Moksha - spiritual release
• Aesthetic Relativism in Popular Culture

  Trend, Fashion, Fad, the "in" thing - passing, temporary and recycling conventional concept of beauty
• Gestalt


  Psychology of Perception
• Law of Simplicity/ Pragnanz


  The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
• Figure and Ground


  Figure: positive space, the focus at any given moment; Ground: negative space, everything that is not a figure
• Similarity


  Things which share visual characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture or value will be seen belonging together in the viewer's mind
• Proximity


  Objects or shapes that are close to another to form a group
• Closure


  Visual connection or continuity between sets of elements which do not touch each other in a composition
• Objectification or Categorical Aspection

  The visual form is categorized as a thing when seen as an imitation or a representation
• Projection


  The process of transporting the visual image of an object into the picture plane
• Flat Projection


  The objects are flat as well as the perspective