Case studys

• Megacity


  A very large city, typically with a population of over 10 million people
• Mumbai


  • Located in Western India, along the coast of the Arabian Sea
  • Population of 22 million, second largest city in India
  • Has a large deep-water port critical for international trade
  • Has Mumbai International Airport with 32 million passengers travelling through

  
• Mumbai is located in India's richest province due to the high business connections and fast-growing economy
• Up to 62% of Mumbai's population live in slums
• Contrast of Lifestyles


  20% of Mumbai's population live below the poverty line, but it has the highest number of millionaires in any Indian city (246 millionaires)
• Contrasting areas in Mumbai

  • Malabar Hill - Richest Residential Area
  • Dharavi - The Largest Slum
• India is a developing country that has been influenced by globalisation, especially in terms of its economic development. However, globalisation has also had negative effects on India.
• Malabar Hill


  • One of the richest residential areas, home to many businesspeople
  • A tourist attraction with the Walkeshwar Temple and Chowpatty Beach
• Significance of India


  India is a rapidly developing nation with growing global significance. Currently, it is one of four emerging economies (out of Brazil, Russia, India or China) that could potentially overtake the USA in terms of its global importance in the future.
• Dharavi


  • Thought to be Asia's largest slum, with a population of approximately 1 million
  • Most residents work in recycling and rag-picking, processing the waste from the rest of Mumbai
  • Slumdog Millionaire, an Oscar-winning film, was filmed here
• By 2030, Mumbai's population is expected to increase to 25 million
• India has the second largest population in the world - 1.39 billion people.
• By 2030, seven of India's cities are projected to have a population greater than 10 million people (classed as a megacity). There are already five megacities in India: New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkhata, Bengaluru and Chennai.
• 74.4% of India's population is literate (able to read and write), though urban literacy rates are higher than rural rates. Some rural villages can be very isolated from services and may have no access to education, so agricultural work is usually the main source of income here.
• India's government is an active member in many international organisations, including the UN and G20.
• India takes part in peacekeeping missions in developing nations.
• Cyclone Aila was a severe tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh on the 25th May 2009
• Cyclone Aila


  • Intense rainfall (120mm of rain in a few hours)
  • Very strong winds (270km/h)
  • Large storm surge

  
• Reasons for Mumbai's growing population

  • Rural-to-Urban Migration
  • Natural Increase
• Rural-to-Urban Migration


  Thousands of young people migrate to Mumbai to improve their quality of life and opportunities, as rural India offers limited opportunities
• Natural Increase


  The fertility rate in Mumbai is 2.2 births per woman, and migrants from rural regions tend to be young, so they come to Mumbai to settle and start families
• The challenges of living in Mumbai increase and living conditions worsen as the city's population continues to grow, leading to reduced life expectancy and even fatalities
• India has the largest number of voters in the world, so is (arguably) a very good democracy!
• India tries to maintain good relations with its neighbouring countries, but it does have political disagreements. For example, India has deployed the military to settle border disagreements with China.
• India's culture is rich and distinct, causing 10 million tourists to visit every year!
• Cyclone Aila's intense rainfall, strong winds and large storm surge


  Caused widespread flooding and devastation across Bangladesh
• India is home to the Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world. It is a huge tourist destination.
• Bangladesh


  • Very low-lying country, with 80% of the land less than 10m above sea level
  • Many large rivers that can overflow onto the floodplains during periods of high rainfall
• Cyclone Aila had devastating socioeconomic impacts on Bangladesh, including 190 deaths, 750,000 made homeless, 3.5 million affected overall, and nearly 60,000 animals killed
• Bollywood (Hindi cinema) is one of the largest film industries in the world, making twice as many films as Hollywood.
• Flooding caused by Cyclone Aila's large storm surge which raised the sea level by 3 metres

  
• India is the birthplace of four religions - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, though the majority of people practice Hinduism. Islam and Christianity are also practised. Religion is very important to India's culture.
• Over half of flooding embankments in Southern Bangladesh were destroyed
• India has the fifth largest economy in the world, with GDP (Gross Domestic Product) rising steadily for the last twenty years (GDP = the value of any goods, produce or services made or conducted in a country).
• Bangladesh's response and preparedness


  • Helped to limit the effects of the cyclone
• Challenges due to housing shortage

  • Electricity cabling - some houses tap illegally into other houses' electricity, which is dangerous and can lead to power cuts
  • High risk of fire and disease - houses are built close to each other, so the spread of disease and fires can be rapid
  • Far from help - Residents live on the outskirts of the city, far from emergency services, education and employment opportunities. Public transport can't run through the slums since the streets are too narrow, so residents must walk across the slums, which can be dangerous at night
• This increased rate of economic growth is largely due to India's trade becoming more globalised; more businesses are trading internationally and India's lifestyle is influenced by other countries' lifestyles and technology.
• Weather Forecasting and Satellite Technology

  The Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) uses forecasting technology to predict and track tropical cyclones, allowing communities to prepare for them making landfall

  
• In Mumbai, 800 million litres of sewage flows into the Mithi River, leading to water pollution and water-borne diseases such as Diarrhoea, Salmonella and Typhoid Fever
• Weather forecasting technology used by BMD

  • Weather radars across the country
  • Satellite imagery purchased from the US, China and Japan