Gender

• Educational policies?


  Policies such as GIST and WISE encourage girls to pursue careers. National curriculum removed gender inequality by making girls and boys study same subjects.
• Role models?


  Increase in female teachers. 30.5% of teachers are male, 69.5% were female. In primary schools female teachers rise to 82.4%
• Assesment?


  Gerard- gender gap was constant until 1988 when GCSE and coursework was introduced. Browne- Girls more successful at coursework as they are better organised and helps girls to over achieve.
• Teacher interaction?


  Spender-Teachers spend more time interacting with boys. French- boys tend to receive more negative attention for poor behaviour and girls get more positive attention.
• Gender stereotypes?


  Removal of gender stereotypes from textbooks has contributed to gender difference in achievement. In 70s and 80s girls were ported as housewives and boys as scientists and inventors. This removal has helped raise girls achievement.
• Impact of feminism and changing girls' ambitions?

  McRobbie- looked at magazine covers throughout the years and found a shift from the promotion of women being married to women being powerful. Raised women's aspirations.
• Sue sharpe?


  Interviewed girls and how their ambitions for a career has changed over the years. Wanted to be financially independent.
• Changes in the Family?

  Increase in divorce and single parents. Increased number of women being the head of the house. Creates a new role model for young women.
• Changes in Women's employment?

  The equal pay act. Promotion of women has risen from 47% to over 70%. Greater career opportunities. Some women breaking through 'the glass ceiling'.
• Bedroom culture and socialisation?

  Girls are socialised in a way that enables academic success. Girls are encouraged to read and write more than boys. 'Bedroom culture' where they hang out in their room talking which develops their communication skills.