Nematodes

• Unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical worms with elongated, cylindrical bodies

  ROUNDWORMS
• body covering of roundworms


  cuticle
• olfactosensory organ located in anterior end of the head region of the worm

  Amphid
• amphids found in the posterior head region

  Aphasmids ( Trichuris & Trichinella )
• pair of caudal chemoreceptors

  Phasmids
• Digestive system structures of roundworms:

  • stomodeum- mouth, esophagus and buccal cavity
  • intestines
  • anus ( proctodeum )
• Female is larger in roundworms
• Adult worm is equipped with a complete digestive system, nervous system, excretory system and reproductive system
• Soil requirement of worms: Warm, moist soil
• INTESTINAL AND TISSUE NEMATODE (muscle worm)

  Trichinella spiralis
• BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES “filarial worms”

  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
• INTESTINAL NEMATODES

  1. Ascaris lumbricoides
  2. Enterobius vermicularis
  3. Trichuris trichiura
  4. Ancylostoma duodenale
  5. Necator americanus
  6. Strongyloides stercoralis
  7. Capillaria philippinensis
• transmitted through INGESTION


  Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichuris = fecally-contaminated food & water ( EAT ) Capillaria = fresh water fish
• most common intestinal nematode

  Ascaris lumbricoides
• transmitted through skin penetration by the infective larvae

  • Strongyloides stercoralis
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • Necator americanus
• Infective stage : embryonated EGG

  • Enterobius vermicularis
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Trichuris trichuria
• Infective stage : embryonated LARVA

  • Strongyloides stercoralis
  • Capillaria philippinensis
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • Necator americanus
• in association with pig raising, or manure of pigs as a fertilizer

  ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
• Large Intestinal Roundworm


  ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
• derived from pigs


  Ascaris suum
• Disease: Ascariasis


  ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
• Pinworm, Seatworm


  ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
• Disease: Pinworm infection or Enterobiasis

  ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
• Scotch tape test


  ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
• Primary symptom: pruritus in perianal area

  ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
• Whipworm


  TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
• Disease: Trichuriasis


  TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
• leads to rectal prolapse due to irritation & straining during defecation

  TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
• old world hookworm


  ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
• New World Hookworm


  NECATOR AMERICANUS
• Mode of Transmission: skin penetration

  ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE, NECATOR AMERICANUS
• Disease: Hookworm infection


  ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE, NECATOR AMERICANUS
• with cutting plates


  NECATOR AMERICANUS
• with teeth


  ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
• Threadworm


  STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
• Disease: Strongyloides

  Other name: Cochin China Diarrhea


  STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
• Pudoc worm


  CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS
• Disease: Intestinal capillariasis


  CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS
• ingestion of undercooked or raw freshwater fish “bagsit


  CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS
• Mode of Transmission: Mosquito Bite


  WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI & BRUGIA MALAYI