WW1

• Militarism


  - Belief/desire of govt/people to maintain strong military capabilities & use it aggressively to expand interests.

  - Expanded naval/arms race
• Alliances


  Two or more countries that set the framework of WWI

  Two major alliances

  - Triple Alliance → Germany, italy, & Austria Hungary

  - Triple Entente → France, Russia & Britain
• Nationalism


  - Pride in one's country

  - Grew due to increased militarism, imperialism, and the foundation of new countries formed Germany & italy.
• Imperialism


  - A country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain.

  - Increased European control over land in Africa & Asia → competition among European countries
• July Crisis


  - June 28th1914: Sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie by a member of a Serbian nationalist organization.

  - July 23rd, 1914: Austria-Hungary demands harsh ultimatums on Serbia & Serbia did not comply

  - July 28th, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia leading to the outbreak of WW1
• Selective Service Act


  1917: Draft for young men for military service in Europe
• Propaganda


  - Biased information is spread to promote a particular perspective & used to influence people's opinions, beliefs, or actions in favor of the propagator's goals.
• Treaty of Versailles


  - The Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, was a peace agreement that ended World War I.

  - Imposed harsh terms on Germany including territorial losses, military restrictions, and reparations.

  - Established the League of Nations in an attempt to prevent future conflicts.
• Armistice


  Agreement to stop fighting --> WW1 ends November 11, 1918
• Trench warfare


  - where opposing forces engage in attacks, counterattacks, and defense from trenches dug into the ground.

  - Unsanitary conditions

  - Use of machine guns, barbed wires & heavy artillery to push/keep enemy back

  - Tanks used for attacks & planes used for spying on enemy
• Stalemate


  - Neither side could overcome the other defenses

  led to harsh conditions & casualties for men in trenches
• No Man's Land


  The areas between opposing military trench lines

  Dangerous wasteland ruined by battle
• Espionage Act 1917


  gave postal authorities power to ban newspapers or other printed materials that incited treason
• Fourteen Points


  - 1919: Outlined by Woodrow Wilson, aimed to establish principles of justice, including national self-determination and the resolution of territorial disputes.

  
  

  - Emphasized the creation of a League of Nations to prevent future conflicts through collective security and diplomacy.
• Unrestricted Submarine warfare


  - The policy was brought back by the Germans to sink any ship headed for Germany.

  - Triggered U.S. Involvement in War
• Zimmerman Telegram


  Coded message sent by the Germans to Mexico to ally against the U.S.
• Central Powers & Allied Powers

  Central powers: Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria

  Allied powers: France, Russia, Britain, Serbia
• Liberty Bonds


  Created and sold by the U.S. government during World War I to help fund the American war effort.
• Great Migration


  More than 1 mil AA moved north - hoping to escape poverty, Jim Crow laws & better jobs
• Committee on Public Information

  Encouraged public support for the war & Head by George Creel, CPI distributed millions of pamphlets & sent out thousands of press releases & speakers
• Total War


  Nation mobilizes all available resources, including civilians and industry, to achieve victory, often resulting in widespread involvement and impact on society.