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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY
LABORATORY
BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
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Cards (28)
Logos
The Study of
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Two domains of prokaryotic organisms
Bacteria
Archaea
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Three phenotypic categories of Bacteria
Gram
negative
and have a cell wall
Gram
positive
and have a cell wall
Those that lack
cell
wall
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Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea
Cell shape
&
morphological
arrangements
Staining
reactions
Motility
Colony
morphology
Atmospheric
requirements
Nutritional
requirements
Biochem
&
Metabolic
activities
Specific
enzymes
Pathogenicity
Genetic
composition
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Three basic shapes of bacteria
Round
/
Spherical
(cocci)
Rectangular
/
Rod-shaped
(bacilli)
Curved
and
spiral-shaped
(spirilla)
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Cocci
Spherical
shaped
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Morphological types of cocci
Diplococci
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Tetrads
Sarcina
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Diplococci
Cocci in pairs;
coffee-bean
shaped;
kidney-bean
shape
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Streptococci
Cocci
in string; Appear in long chains (chain should be longer than
10
cocci)
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Staphylococci
Colonies of
cocci
that are
irregular
(grape-like); appear in clusters
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Tetrads
Groups of
4
organized in the same
plane
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Sarcina
Eight cocci
arranged in
cuboidal
pattern
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Bacilli
Rod or sausage shapes that are
Gram
(-) except for
Sporeformers
, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, etc
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Types of bacilli
Sporing
bacilli
Nonsporing
bacilli
Coccobacilli
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Sporing bacilli
There is an
endospore
or a
spore
inside the bacteria
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Nonsporing bacilli
Diplobacilli
(
pair
)
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Coccobacilli
Bacilli
in short rods or ovals; "
plump-shaped
"
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Types of nonsporing bacilli
Nonsporing
snapping diplobacilli
Nonsporing
slipping diplobacilli
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Nonsporing slipping diplobacilli
Parallel
,
side by side
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Spiral
Gram (-)
microorganisms
, stain used is usually
DILUTE CARBOLFUCHSIN
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Types of spiral bacteria
Vibrio
Spirochetes
Spirillum
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Vibrio
Curve
rod-shaped
,
comma
shaped
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Spirochetes
Spiral
/helical. Jump long axis that
bends
when in motion
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Spirillum
Long axis remains
rigid
when in motion; rigid in motion,
bird
in flight, sometimes in "n" or "r" form
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All cocci are GRAM (+) except
Neisseria SP.
(
N. gonorrheae
)
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All Bacilli are
GRAM
(-) EXCEPT Bacillus SP. &
Mycobacterium SP.
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Gram
positive
When viewed under the microscope, it appears
violet
in color
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Gram negative
When viewed under the
microscope
, it appears read in
color
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