Intellectual & Linguistic Skills

• Low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching expieriences, leaving them poorly equipt for school
• Bereiter and Engelmann


  Argue that low income black American families speak a language inadequate for educational success
• Bowker


  Identifies a lack of Standard English for black American low income families as a major barrier to success
• <EVAL> Intellectual/Linguistic skills


  -Chinese/Asian Indian pupils are at the top of GCSE results, while often speaking a different native language

  -The studies/theories are about American families

  -Swann Report identifies that language doesn't effect success