African-Americans

• Freedmen's Bureau – Congress pass this act to provide aid to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African-Americans


  1865
• Black Codes – laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War which restricted the rights + freedoms of African-Americans, maintain white supremacy + control over freedmen


  1865-66
• Civil Rights Bill – legislation granting citizenship to African-Americans + equal rights to those born in the US


  1866
• 13th Amendment – abolished slavery in the US, ratified in December 1865


  1866
• KKK – founded in Pulaski, Tennessee + advocated for white supremacy, using violence + intimidation


  1866
• Jim Crow laws – Laws in southern states which enforced racial segregation + discrimination against African-Americans, in public facilities + accommodation


  1868
• 14th Amendment – Granted citizenship to all persons born in the US + equal protection under the law


  1869
• 15th Amendment – Prohibited the denial of voting rights on the grounds of race


  1869
• Ida B. Wells – African-American journalist who was known for her pioneering work in publicising the horrors of lynching + advocacy for women's suffrage + civil rights
• AA population x2 in North and West
• Movement towards land ownership
• 2000 AA held office in South