Basal Ganglia

• Basal ganglia are the feedback circuit acting via the thalamus
• The input nuclei are caudate and putamen
• The instrinsic nuclei are the external globus pallidus, subthalmic nuclei are part of substantia nigra
• The output nuclei are the internal globus pollidus and parts of the substantia nigra
• The caudate and putamen are known collectively as the neostratum
• The putamen and globus pallidus are known collectively as the lentiform nucleus
• The putamen and globus pellidus have anatomical relation but no functional relation
• The putamen sits lateral to the globus palliidus
• The putamen is separated from the external globus pallidus via the lateral medullary lamina
• The external and internal globus pallidus are separated by the medial medullary lamina
• Lateral to the putamen lies the external capsule
• Substantia nigra has a dark appearance and lies inferior to the subthalmic nuclei
• The subthalamic nuclei lies inferior to the thalamus
• The basal ganglia are supplied by the middle cerebral artery
• The middle cerebral artery branches into the lenticulostriate arteries
• Th posterior communicating artery supplies the substantia nigra