B4

Cards (21)

  • Word equation for photosynthesis:
    carbon dioxide + water ---> glucose + oxygen
  • Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts - they contain chlorophyll that absorb light
  • Uses of glucose in plants:
    1. For respiration
    2. Making cellulose
    3. Making amino acids
    4. Stored as oils or fats
    5. Stored as starch
  • Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis:
    • Light intensity
    • Concentration of CO2
    • Temperature
  • Limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis
  • Inverse square law:
    light intensity ∝ 1/distance^2
  • Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell.
  • All living things respire. It's how they transfer energy from their food to their cells.
  • Uses of energy transferred by respiration:
    • To build up larger molecules from smaller ones
    • In animals, it's used to allow the muscles to contract
    • In mammals and birds, it helps to keep their body temperature regulated
  • In cells, there are lots of chemical reactions happening all the time which are controlled by enzymes.
  • Metabolism is all the chemical reactions in an organism.
  • There are two types of respiration:
    • Aerobic
    • Anaerobic
  • Aerobic respiration is respiration involving oxygen.
  • Most of the reactions in aerobic respiration happen inside mitochondria.
  • Word equation for aerobic respiration:
    glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
  • Anerobic means without oxygen. It's the complete breakdown of glucose, making lactic acid.
  • Word equation for anaerobic respiration (muscle cells):
    glucose ---> lactic acid
  • Plant and yeast cells can respire without oxygen too, but they produce ethanol and carbon dioxide instead off lactic acid. This is called fermentation.
  • Word equation for anaerobic respiration (plant and yeast cells):
    glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide
  • Exercise causes you to respire more.
  • Anaerobic respiration leads to an oxygen debt.