Unit 3

• Anonymous


  Protecting the identity of participants by making them unidentifiable based on the data collected
• Concern for Welfare 


  Principal that research should maximize benefits and minimize harm
• Confederate


  A person posing in the experiment that is actually apart of the research
• Confidential


  Principle that information is kept private and only disclosed to a minimum number of people
• Debriefing


  AN explanation of the purpose of research given after their participation
• Deception


  When a researcher misleads participants into thinking something about the study that is not true
• Ethics Codes


  Guidelines for ethical conduct developed by professional societies
• Exempt Research


  There is not risk to participants and so the research is exempt from REB review
• Fraud


  The intential misrepresentation of any aspect of research
• Informed consent


  Principle that potential participants must be informed in advance of all aspects of the research that may influence their decision to participate
• Justice


  Principle that all individuals should have fair and qual access to benefits of research participation, and bear the risks equally
• Minimal Risk Research


  Involves no greater risk to participants than they typically encounter
• Plagiarism


  The intentional or unintentional use of another persons work, or ideas, without indicating the source
• Research Ethics Board


  An ethical review committee that reviews research proposals withing a university

  • Composed of scientists, non-scientist, and legal experts
• Respect for Persons


  Ethical principle that all individuals should have the free and informed choice to participate or not in research
• Risk Benefit Analysis


  Evaluation of the potential hazards of conducting a study weighed against the potential benefits (practical application)
• Secondary use of data


  Analyzing data collected for other purposes than the current research
• Three Rs


  In animal research the principles of replacement (avoiding use), reduction (minimizing hoe many used) and refinement (Modifying procedures to minimize distress)
• Tri-Council Policy Statement


  Official statement of ethical conduct for research involving humans. Researchers and institutions are expected to adhere to this document to receive federal funding
• Milgram's Study


  Participants told study was looking at memory and learning, it was actually looking at authority and obedience

  • after debriefing only 1% of participants wish that hadn't been in the study, the showed that debriefing removed negative effects of participating
• Tri-Council is made up of three federally funded research grant agencies

  • Canadian Institute of health research (CIHR)
  • The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
  • The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
• Nuremburg Code

  • Participants should consent to participate in research
  • Participants should be fully informed about the research purpose
  • Risk should be avoided when possible
  • Participants should be protected from risks
  • Only scientifically qualified people should conduct research
  • Participants have the right to withdraw at any time
• Tuskegee Syphilis Study denied medical treatment to black men with syphilis in order to study longer term effects of the illness
• Research expect from REB review

  • Only uses publicly available information
  • Only involves observing people in public places without interaction from researcher, and not identifiable
  • Uses data that has already been collected and is anonymous
• Animal Care Committees must have

  • One scientist or teacher with experience in animal use
  • One Institutional member that doesn't use animals
  • One experienced veterinarian
  • A community member
• Fraud can be committed in two ways

  • Fabricating data
  • Collecting data but then altering it to hit the hypothesis
• Asset


  When a minor agrees to participate even if the parents have already given consent.