Evolution

• Abiotic


  Performed by non living things
• Adaptive evolution


  Increase in the frequency of an allele
• Allele frequency


  # of allele/total alleles
• Analogous structure


  body parts that serve similar functions, but do not share structure and development
• Artificial selection


  Humans select traits
• biogeography


  the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past
• binomial nomenclature


  Scientific names, double names (genus + species)
• biotic


  Selective pressure performed by living things
• Clade


  Group with a single common ancestor and all its descendants
• Cladogram


  A diagram used to show relations between different organisms
• Common ancestor


  An ancestor two or more species have in common
• Fitness


  An organisms ability to reproduce
• Geographic isolation


  Physical separations between populations of organisms, can lead to new species
• homologous structure


  physical features shared due to a common ancestor
• linnaean taxonomy

  Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
• Macroevolution


  Evolution on a larger scale, not just one species
• Microevolution


  Changes in the frequency of a gene in a population
• Molecular homology


  similarities between species on the molecular level
• Natural selection


  Nature selects traits
• Phylogeny


  the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms
• Population


  A group of some species in the same area that interbreed
• Reproductive isolation


  the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences
• Scientific law


  statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.
• Scientific theory


  an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that can be repeatedly tested
• Selective pressure


  Environmental facter that increases fitness
• Special creation


  The belief that the universe and all life in it originated in its present form by God
• Species


  related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding
• Vestigal Structure


  Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor
• Speciation


  Populations in different areas become different because they adapt to different selective pressures. They can no longer mate.