PNS

Cards (19)

  • Peripheral Nervous System
    • Organization of PNS
    • Functional Classification of Neurons
    • Efferent, afferent, and interneurons
    • Efferent Nervous System
    • Autonomic
    • Somatic
    • Enteric
    • Afferent Nervous System
    • Afferent and Efferent Association
  • Components of the Peripheral Nervous System
    • Nerves
    • Ganglia
  • Organization of Nerves
    Shown in diagrams
  • Ganglia
    Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system
  • Functional Classes of Neurons
    • Efferent
    • Afferent
    • Interneurons
  • Functional Organization of the Peripheral Nervous System
    1. Efferent Division
    2. Autonomic Nervous System
    3. Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System

    • Exceptions to the general rule of dual reciprocal innervation by the two branches (arterioles, veins, sweat glands, salivary glands)
  • Structures innervated by the Autonomic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems

    • Eye
    • Nasal mucosa
    • Liver
    • Gall bladder
    • Pancreas
    • Adrenal gland
    • Kidney
    • Small intestine
    • Colon
    • Rectum
    • Urinary bladder
    • Genitalia
    • Lung
    • Heart
    • Salivary glands
    • Trachea
    • Lacrimal gland
    • Stomach
    • Spleen
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
    • Fibers originate in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
    • Most preganglionic fibers are short
    • Long postganglionic fibers
    • Preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine (Ach)
    • Most postganglionic fibers release noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System
    • Fibers originate from cranial and sacral areas of CNS
    • Preganglionic fibers are longer
    • Very short postganglionic fibers
    • Preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine (Ach)
    • Postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine
  • Adrenal Medulla
    Part of the sympathetic nervous system that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream
  • Autonomic Neurotransmitter Receptors
    • Cholinergic Receptors (Nicotinic, Muscarinic)
    • Adrenergic Receptors (Alpha, Beta)
  • Cholinergic Receptors
    Nicotinic receptors found on postganglionic cell bodies of all autonomic ganglia, Muscarinic receptors found on effector cell membranes
  • Adrenergic Receptors
    G protein coupled mechanism, Alpha (α) and Beta (β) receptors
  • Autonomic Agonists and Antagonists
    • Atropine (binds to muscarinic receptors only)
    • Salbutamol (activates β2-adrenergic receptors)
    • Metoprolol (blocks β1-adrenergic receptors)
  • Neuromuscular Junctions
    Where motor neurons connect to muscle fibers
  • Poliovirus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are clinical conditions related to the neuromuscular junction
  • Divisions of the Afferent Nervous System

    • Visceral Afferent
    • Sensory Afferent
  • Cranial Nerves
    • Olfactory nerve
    • Optic nerve
    • Oculomotor nerve
    • Trochlear nerve
    • Trigeminal nerve
    • Abducens nerve
    • Facial nerve
    • Vestibulocochelar nerve
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve
    • Vagus nerve
    • Accessory nerve
    • Hypoglossal nerve