issue 4

• Society

  affected the population - many scots emigrated during the 1800-1900s so large number of immigrants helped maintain and increase population
• Society

  many married scots - two thirds of irish immigrants that went to dundee in the 1800s were women leading to scot/irish marriages
• Society

  diversification - irish, lithuanians, italians were catholic and jewish community emerged and synagogues were built
• Society

  catholic church opened schools as they faced discrimination
• Society

  increasing population put pressure on housing and led to overcrowding
• Society

  around 40% of irish immigrants lived in single ends (one room homes) in edinburgh with around up to 15 people living in one
• Society

  irish were often accused of drinking too much promoting fights and violence
• Society

  many immigrants often brought diseases and jews were blamed for causing the outbreak of cholera in glasgow
• Society

  irish immigrants helped set up scottish labour party and then were elected as councillors and MPs because they were attracted to the promise of better housing + home rule for ireland
• Society

  Lithuanians became involved in trade unions and set up groups like glasgow cotton spinners association
• economy

  irish often worked on farms
• economy

  irish went into textile factories in edinburgh, glasgow and dundee
• economy

  immigrants traveled around the country as navvies building railways, roads and canals (e.g. glasgow subway, forth railbridge) - did these jobs as they werent required to stay put unlike scots
• economy

  Lithuanians found employment in steel mills and mines, especially in ayrshire and lanakshire
• economy

  italians and jews often set up their own businesses
• economy

  scottish workers often believed immigrants led to lower wages
• economy

  immigrants helped economy to boom as employers often said they were in need of workers willing to work for cheap pay
• economy

  some companies actively recruited lithuanians and irish offering jobs and accomodation to travelling workers
• economy

  italian immigrants went door-to-door selling religious material e.g holy statues
• economy

  Italians opened ice cream, chip shops and cafes (e.g. nardini's, S.Lucas)
• economy

  jewish established own companies selling tabacco and suits
• economy

  irish set up companies e.g. Thomas Lipton started famous tea firm in glasgow
• economy

  as a result of companies being established, there were more job opportunities
• culture

  italian immigrants had transformative change on food as they often sold ice cream or chips
• culture

  new food options were welcomed because they wanted more interesting diet and appreciated alternatives to going to pubs
• culture

  jewish and italian immigrants had an impact on fashion: many italians worked as barbers and hairdressers whilst jews produced suits
• culture

  sports was influenced by the irish in edinburgh, glasgow and dundee football clubs for example: celtic - catholic, rangers - protestant, the money raised was used to fund soup kitchens
• culture

  irish and jews brought names such as capaldi and o'connel
• culture

  catholic schools opened their own schools, synagogues and catholic churches were built
• culture

  orange lodges were opened by protestant irish (a social club)
• british empire on scotland

  dundees mills used jute that was grown in india
• british empire on scotland

  glasgow built large number of train engines and these were sent to countries such as india, canada and NZ
• british empire on scotland

  the cox brothers owned jute mills and became rich by trading with india
• british empire on scotland

  thomas lipton - glasgow trader bought tea from india and sols it around the world especially to the USA
• british empire on scotland

  scottish banks loaned money to foreign companies which made profits
• british empire on scotland

  competition from the empire such as in cotton or jute undermined scottish businesses and caused them to collapse
• british empire on scotland

  reduced countries population especially in the highlands
• british empire on scotland

  irish immigrants greatly increased the catholic population
• british empire on scotland

  scots joined the army and were posted around the world to defend the empire
• british empire on scotland

  the EIC needed their own soldiers