All Geo

• Air behind front is cold
• Air behind front is 30°
• Air behind front is 60°
• General direction of movement: west to east


  Driven by westerly winds therefore moves eastwards
• General direction of movement: east to west


  Driven by easterly winds therefore moves westwards
• Inversion


  A layer of air in the atmosphere in which temperature increases with height preventing air below it from rising
• Ridging


  Outward extension/bulging of isobars away from the high-pressure centre
• The inversion is lower than the escarpment in winter due to the strong sinking air of the Kalahari high. In summer, the land heats up and a heat low-pressure forms where the Kalahari high is, which makes the inversion rise higher than the escarpment
• Berg winds occur in winter
• Berg wind temperature is 44°C
• Berg wind time is 10:00 - 14:00
• Moisture front


  A contact zone between two air masses with different moisture content. Dry air & moist air creates a front.
• Line Thunderstorm


  A thunderstorm that happens in a line on the eastern side of the moisture front where the warm, moist air is forced to rise.

  
• Cool, dry air forces the warm, moist air to rise.
• Heavy rainfall causes flooding which lead to loss of natural vegetation/habitats.
• Lightning can cause fires that destroys natural vegetation/habitats.
• Heavy rainfall causes widespread soil erosion/loss of fertile soil.
• Hail causes damage to natural vegetation / habitats.
• Ridge


  Outward extension/bulging of isobars away from the high-pressure centre.
• Saddle


  Area of constant pressure between 2 high pressures or low pressures
• Trough


  Outward extension/bulging of isobars away from the low-pressure centre.
• Drainage basin


  Total area drained by a river system
• Drainage density


  The relationship between the length of streams in a drainage basin and the size of the drainage basin
• Lower course of a river has turbulent flow, upper course has laminar flow
• Turbulent flow


  When there is an increase in the speed and erosive power of a river. It has more energy to erode downwards, causing a new valley in the old one.
• Natural levee


  A raised riverbank
• Meander


  A bend in the river course
• Oxbow lake


  1. shaped feature when meander is cut off from the river
• Braided stream


  A river that splits into smaller streams
• Delta


  Accumulation of silt deposited at the mouth of the river
• Waterfall


  A steep descent of water
• Stream piracy


  When one river captures the headwaters of another river
• Headward erosion


  The process where a river cuts back into the land, capturing the headwaters of another river
• Captor river


  The river that captures the headwaters of another river
• Captured river


  The river that has its headwaters captured by another river
• Misfit stream


  A river that is too small for the valley it occupies, left behind after stream piracy
• Elbow of capture


  The point where the captor river captures the headwaters of the captured river
• Wind gap


  A gap in the landscape left behind after stream piracy
• River A is cutting back
• Municipalities must: treat/purify sewage, industrial waste water for re-use, manage usage of water from drainage basins, educate people on the importance of drainage basins, put legislation in place to fine polluters