Particle Physics

• Hadrons


  A class of particle that include the proton and the neutron
• Hadrons


  • Different hadrons vary in their properties such as charge and rest mass
• Proton charge


  Plus one elementary charge
• Neutron charge


  Zero charge
• Proton rest mass


  1.673 x 10^-27 kg
• Neutron rest mass


  1.675 x 10^-27 kg
• Hadrons are not fundamental particles, they can be broken up into smaller particles</b>
• Quarks


  The smaller particles that make up hadrons
• First generation quarks


  • Up
  • Down
  • Strange
• Antiquarks


  • Anti-up
  • Anti-down
  • Anti-strange
• Up quark charge


  Plus two-thirds elementary charge
• Down quark charge


  Minus one-third elementary charge
• Strange quark charge


  Minus one-third elementary charge
• The charge of a hadron is the sum of the charges of its constituent quarks
• The proton charge is plus one elementary charge
• Strangeness


  An additional property related to quarks
• Only strange quarks and antiquarks possess strangeness
• Strange quark strangeness


  Minus one
• Anti-strange quark strangeness


  Plus one
• Up and down quarks have zero strangeness
• Quark strangeness


  • Up: 0
  • Down: 0
  • Strange: -1
• Antiquark strangeness


  • Anti-up: 0
  • Anti-down: 0
  • Anti-strange: +1
• Antimatter


  Particles that are the opposite of matter particles
• Matter


  Particles that make up everything in the universe
• Formation of matter-antimatter particle pairs


  1. Large amounts of energy

  2. Formation of matter and antimatter particle pairs
• Matter particle


  Particle that makes up matter
• Antimatter particle


  Particle that makes up antimatter
• Antiparticle


  • Same mass, size and magnitude of charge as corresponding particle
  • Opposite electric charge to corresponding particle
• Antiparticle corresponding to electron

  • Positron
• Positron


  Antiparticle of electron, has same mass and magnitude of charge but opposite sign
• Electron mass is 9.11 x 10^-31 kg, radius is 2.82 x 10^-15 m, charge is -1.6 x 10^-19 C
• Positron has same mass as electron, charge is +1.6 x 10^-19 C
• Symbols for electron and positron

  • e-, β-, e (for electron)
  • e+, β+, ē (for positron)
• Proton

  Particle with charge +1, mass 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
• Antiproton


  Antiparticle of proton, charge -1, mass 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
• Neutron


  Neutral particle, mass 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
• Antineutron


  Antiparticle of neutron, charge 0, mass 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
• Neutrino


  Massless, chargeless particle
• Antineutrino


  Antiparticle of neutrino, charge 0, mass 0
• Hadrons


  Particles and antiparticles which can interact through the strong interaction