Nutritional values of food

• Protein


  • Sources
  • Functions
• HBV (High Biological Value) Protein


  • Contains all essential amino acids
  • E.g. Milk, Meat, Fish, Eggs, Cheese
• LBV (Low Biological Value) Protein


  • Lacks some essential amino acids
  • E.g. Cereals, pulses, nuts, and some vegetables
• Protein Chemistry


  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur
  • Phosphorus
• Protein Functions


  • Growth (hair, nails, skin)
  • Body maintenance
  • Providing energy
  • Repair
• Protein deficiency can lead to Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Kidney disease
• Symptoms of Kwashiorkor include Diarrhoea, Fatigue, Enlarged Belly
• Symptoms of Marasmus include Growth failure, sunken eyes, "old man's" face
• Carbohydrate sources


  • Milk
  • Yogurt
  • Bread
  • Rice
  • Beans
  • Cereals
• Carbohydrate classifications


  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  Carbohydrates that can't be hydrolyzed to simpler carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides


  • Fructose
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
• Disaccharides


  Consists of two Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides


  • Sucrose
  • Maltose
  • Lactose
• Polysaccharides


  Many glucose molecules joined together
• Polysaccharides


  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
  • Dextrin
• Carbohydrate functions


  • Provide energy
  • Aid fat metabolism
  • Help build body mass
  • Prevent constipation
• Carbohydrate chemistry


  Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
• Carbohydrate deficiency causes loss of stamina
• Marasmus symptoms


  • Growth failure
  • Loss of hair
  • Shrunken body
  • Ribs stick out
  • Skin hangs loose
  • Sunken Eyes
  • "Old man's" face
• Fats


  Solid and Saturated
• Oils


  Liquid and Unsaturated
• Sources of visible fat

  • Butter
  • Cooking oils/fats
  • Fat on meat
• Sources of invisible fat

  • Lean meat
  • Egg yolk
  • Oily fish
  • Nuts
  • Seeds
  • Fruits
  • Fried foods
  • Sweets
• Fats


  • Provides energy
  • Stores energy for later
  • Protects vital organs
  • Insulation
  • Provides texture and flavor
• Chemistry of fats


  Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
• Deficiency of fats


  • Growth Failure
  • Eczema of skin
• Excess of fats


  • Obesity
  • CHD (coronary heart disease)
  • Cancer
  • High blood pressure
• Vitamins


  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • K
• Vitamin A


  • Deficiency: Night blindness and Skin defections
  • Sources: Vegetables & fruits, Milk, Liver & meats
  • Functions: Keeps skin & mucus membrane healthy, Prevents night blindness, Promotes growth
• Vitamin B


  • Deficiency: Beri-Beri and Anaemia
  • Sources: Eggs, Fish, Yeast, Broccoli, Lean meat
  • Functions: Releases energy from carbohydrates, Healthy nervous system, Healthy skin, Aids in absorption
• Vitamin C


  • Deficiency: Scurvy (Bleeding gums)
  • Sources: Citrus fruits, Berries, Vegetables
  • Functions: Improves immune system, Aids in wound healing, Aids in absorption
• Vitamin D


  • Deficiency: Rickets (Soft bones & Dental decay)
  • Sources: Eggs, Fish, Yeast
  • Functions: Strong bones & teeth, Maintain heart actions, Maintains nervous system
• Vitamin E


  • Deficiency: Sterility
  • Sources: Cereals and nuts, Green Vegetables, Wheatgerm
  • Functions: Maintains reproductive system, Aids in fighting diseases
• Vitamin K


  • Deficiency: Prolonged bleeding
  • Sources: Cabbage, Spinach, Soybeans, Cauliflower
  • Functions: Clotting of blood, Strong bones