Geology

• Reservoir leakage


  • An obvious source of trouble
  • Generally visually obvious and often substantial by water balance computation
  • Grouting operation may also employed for remedial work if leakage is discovered after a dam has been completed
• Landslide


  • Natural development as reservoir levels are raised or lowered
• Construction of transportation facilities has been an historical preoccupation of civil engineering from the first effort of primitive peoples to bridge a stream with a fallen tree trunk to the conception and construction of modern expressway with all of their associated works
• Panama canal


  • Most important waterways of the world crosses the isthmus where the great continental divide dips to its lowest elevation
• Roads


  • Always involved disturbance of natural ground surfaces
• Drainage


  • One of supreme importance in all high work; waterlogging ruins subgrades
• Railways


  Play vital part in land transportation
• Maintenance of way


  Old term used on many railways "engineer of maintenance of way"
• Rockfalls


  • Adjacent to steep rock faces are a special hazard in track maintenance