Biology

• Chartist movement: A movement of working class people who wanted to reform the government and improve their lives
• Who founded the chartist movement?

  William Lovett and Francis Place
• What did the chartists want?

  Political reform and democratic rights for working-class people in the 19th century.
• Closed System: A system that experiences no net change in its total energy when energy transfers occur within it
• Conservation of Energy: The law that energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated but never created or destroyed
• Efficiency: The ratio of useful output energy transfer to total energy input
• Elastic Potential Energy: The store of energy that stretched or compressed objects experience
• Elastic Potential Energy is directly proportional to the stiffness constant and to the square of the extension or compression
• Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil and gas
• Gravitational Potential Energy: The store of energy that all raised matter has
• Gravitational Potential Energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object, the distance that it is risen and the gravitational field strength at that point
• Joule: The unit used for energy
• Joule is equal to the work done when a force of one Newton acts over a distance of one metre
• Kinetic Energy: The store of energy that all moving matter has
• Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to the object’s mass and to the square of its velocity
• Power: The rate at which energy is transferred, or at which work is done
• Renewable Energy Resource: An energy resource that can be replenished whilst it is being used
• Spring Constant: A measure of a spring’s stiffness
• The greater the value, the greater the force required to stretch or compress the spring by a given distance