1. Experimental Method

• 1. Experimental Method - Aim

  Aim:

  • initial idea, narrow focus of research = aim.
  • developed from theories + describes purpose of investigation.
• 2. Experimental Method - Hypothesis

  Hypothesis:

  • start of study, describe relationship between variables.
  • Directional or Non-Directional.
• 2a. Experimental Method - Hypothesis


  Directional (One-Tailed):

  • direction of difference/relationship (IV’s effect on DV).
  • ‘more/less’ or ‘increase/decrease’.
  • previous studies suggest likely outcome.
• 2b. Experimental Method - Hypothesis

  Non-Directional (Two-Tailed):

  • states difference, but difference not specified.
  • ‘difference’.
  • no previous research.
• 3. Experimental Method - Variables


  Variables:

  • manipulate IV, measure effect on DV.
  • controlled variables = kept constant so change in DV due to just IV.
• 4. Experimental Method - Levels of IV

  Levels of IV:

  • different experimental conditions, test effect IV.
  • controlled condition.
  • experimental condition.
• 5. Experimental Method - Operationalisation

  Operationalisation:

  • variables as testable/measurable as possible.
  • hypothesis correct if states operationalised variables + relationship between them.
• 6. Experimental Method - Steps

  Steps:

  1. Review existing literature.
  2. Aim + hypothesis.
  3. Select sample.
  4. Pilot study.
  5. Collect data.
  6. Analyse data.
  7. Evaluate aims, methods, findings, conclusions.