physics [1]

• coal and gas need to be used less to reduce carbon emmissions
• the step up transformers increase the potential difference, reduce the current, therefore reducing energy loss to the surroundings and increasing efficiency
• a physical change is water returning to its original properties if the steam is cooled
• work done is also the same as total energy transferred
• as temperature increases particles move faster
• as the amount of steam increases so does the number of particles
• particles moving faster means more collisions per second
• more collisions means more exerted force
• a diode only allows current to flow through in one direction
• beta radiation is more penetrating than alpha radiation, so beta radiation would irradiate people
• if radiation is stopped by paper then the radiation that is being emitted must be alpha radiation
• radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, xrays, gamma rays.
• a substance with a longer half life has a more stable nuclei
• the current increases if the resistance increases too
• when an atom is ionised by an alpha particle it loses and electron and becomes a positive ion
• beta radiation is weakly ionising
• the potential difference is always positive
• in a resistor the potential difference is directly proportional to the current
• research is shared for peer review
• in the experiment for resistance, the first step is to connect the battery to the power supply
• in the experiment for resistance, add the ammeter and variable resistor in series, add the voltmeter in parallel
• in the experiment for resistance, record the potential difference with the voltmeter, record the current on the ammeter
• in the experiment for resistance, use the variable resistor to change the potential difference
• in the experiment for resistance, you need to reverse the power supply
• step down transformers decrease the potential difference therefore making it safer for domestic use
• the horizontal lines on the graphs of the heating curves represent the energy being used to overcomes intermolecular forces between the particles and changes of states
• gases are less dense than liquids because their particles are more spread out
• specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance
• specific heat capacity is the energy required to increase the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree