localisation

Cards (17)

  • Define localisation of function in the brain
    motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory and language centres; brocas and wernickes area
  • what was found about localisation in the 19th century
    broca and wernicke discovered specific areas of the brain performed specific tasks
    - if a certain area is damaged it's task will be affected
  • what are the two sides of the brain called
    left and right hemisphere
  • what are the sections of the brain called
    frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe
  • What is the cerebral cortex?

    -outer layer of both hemispheres
    -3mm thick
    -appears grey due to location of cell bodies
  • what are the 4 areas in the brain
    motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory
  • what's the motor area

    -back of the frontal lobe
    -controls voluntary movement in opposite sides of body
    -damage= loss of control over fine movements
  • what is the somatosensory area

    -front of parietal lobe
    - separated from motor area by central sulcus
    -sensory info from skin
  • what is the visual area

    - in occipital lobe
    -right visual feild goes to left visual cortex and opposite
    - damage to left hemisphere can cause blindness in both eyes due to info crossinf over
  • what is the auditory area

    -in the temporal lobe
    -analyses speech
    -damage= partial hearing loss
  • What did Wernicke find?

    -area in left temporal lobe is for language comprehension
    -produce language but not understand well
    -damage caused wernickes aphasia
  • What is Wernicke's aphasia?

    -partial or total loss of communication
    -difficulty speaking, reading, writing, understanding what people say
    -caused by brain injury or stroke
  • What did Broca find?

    -small area in left frontal lobe
    -speech production
    -damage= brocas aphasia
  • What is Broca's aphasia?

    """broken speech"", trouble speaking, halting/jarring speech but you can understand what people are saying"
  • what is the case study on brocas aphasia
    louis victor leborgne- had epilepsy, lost speech at 30 and could only say. "tan".
    -broca did a post mortem and found damage so concluded broca's area
  • strength of localisation of function
    -evidence from neurosurgery
    damage areas linked to mental health (cingulate gyrus implicated with OCD)
    doughtery et al: 44people who did this 30% successful response and 14% partial

    -brain scans
    peterson et al: wernickes area active during listening task and brocas active during reading.
    tulving: semantic and episodic memories in different parts of prefrontal cortex
  • limit of localisation of function
    language may not be localised to just wernicke and broca's area.
    dick and tremblay: 2% modern researchers think language completely controlled by brocas and wernickes