VISUAL COMMUNICATON

• Rendering


  The process of formulating, adding color, shading, and texturing an image
• Architectural rendering or architectural illustration


  The art of creating two-dimensional images or animations showing attributes of a proposed architectural design
• Rendering or image synthesis

  The automatic process of generating a photorealistic or non-realistic image from 2D to 3D model (or models in what collectively called a scene file) by means of computer programs
• Scene file


  Contains geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, and shading information as a description of the virtual scene
• The term "rendering" may be by analogy with an "artist's rendering" of a scene
• Rendering techniques


  • Rasterization
  • Ray casting
  • Ray tracing
  • Radiosity
• Rendering features


  • Translucency
  • Reflection
  • Non-photorealistic rendering
  • Shadows
  • Soft shadows
  • Fogging/participating medium
  • Depth of field
  • Transparency
  • Refraction
  • Shading
  • Bump-mapping
  • Texture-mapping
  • Diffraction
  • Caustics
  • Motion blur
  • Indirect illumination
• Pen and ink drawing

  The process of using pens to apply ink to a surface
• Materials for pen and ink drawing

  • Ink
  • Drawing pens
  • Various nibs
  • Graphite pencils
  • Eraser
  • Paper
  • Towel
  • Paint brush
  • Drawing surface
• Pen and ink drawing

  • Strong areas of contrast
  • Difficult to create gradations in value
• Pen and ink drawing techniques

  • Hatching
  • Cross hatching
  • Random lines
  • Stippling
  • Ink wash
  • Cross contour lines
• Hatching


  A technique used to add value in a linear fashion, with lines going in the same direction for a defined area
• Cross hatching


  Lines crossing over each other, with the more they cross, the darker the value
• Random lines


  Lines going in various directions, with the frequency of crossing controlling the range of value produced
• Stippling


  Adding countless dots to create the value of the drawing, with higher concentration creating darker values
• Ink wash


  The application of ink with a brush, with more water creating less intense application and lighter values
• Types of pens for pen and ink drawing

  • Speedball pen nibs
  • Technical pens
• Surfaces for pen and ink drawing

  • Bristol paper
  • Illustration board
• You should never mixed methods. Pick a technique and stick with it. It will make your artwork unified.