BODY ORGS LECTURE

• Anatomy


  Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

  
• Physiology


  Study of how the body and its parts work or function
• Levels of organization


  • Chemical (atoms/molecules)
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organismal

  
• Organ systems


  • Endocrine
  • Cardiovascular
  • Lymphatic
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive
  • Integumentary
  • Skeletal
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
• Life processes


  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Differentiation
  • Reproduction
• Water


  60-80% of body weight, allows metabolic reactions, maintains stable body temperature and appropriate atmospheric pressure
• Homeostasis


  Maintaining the body's internal environment within normal limits despite changes inside and outside the body
• Homeostasis


  • It is a dynamic state of equilibrium
  • It is necessary for normal body function and life
• Parts of a feedback system

  1. Controlled condition

  2. Stimulus

  3. Monitor (Receptors)

  4. Control center

  5. Effectors

  6. Response
• Negative feedback system vs. positive feedback (e.g. uterine contractions and heat stroke)
• Anatomical position


  Stand at attention with palms forward and thumbs pointing outward
• Anatomical terms - Directional terms


  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Deep
  • Superficial
  • Proximal
  • Distal
  • Cranial
  • Caudal
• Anatomical terms - Body planes and sections

  • Sagittal
  • Median/Midsagittal
  • Frontal
  • Transverse

  
• Body cavities


  • Dorsal body cavity (cranial, vertebral)
  • Ventral body cavity (thoracic, abdominopelvic)
• Regions of abdominopelvic cavity

  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
• The thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum, which extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm
• The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into quadrants