Reactions

• Hydrogenation

  Reactant: H2

  Need: Pt or Ni

  Form: Alkane
• Halogenation

  Reactant: Halogen

  Need: Nothing

  Form: Dihaloalkane
• Hydrohalogenation

  Reactant: Hydrohalogen

  Need: Nothing

  Form: Haloalkane
• Hydration

  Reactant: H2O

  Need: [H+], heat

  From: Alcohol
• Elimination

  Reactant: NaOH or KOH

  Need: H2O, heat, reflux

  Form: Alkene + H2O + product
• Halogen

  Reactant: Halogen

  Need: UV light

  Form: Haloalkene + HCl
• KCN

  Need: ethanol, heat, reflux

  Form: Nitrile
• NaOH

  Need: ethanol (aq), heat, reflux

  Form: Alcohol
• NH3

  Need: sealed tube

  Form: Amine
• NaI

  Need: ethanol

  Form: Iodoalkene
• Primary:

  Alcohol to Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

  Need: [H+], MnO4- or Cr2O7-2

  Stop: distill

  Skip: [H+], MnO4- or Cr2O7-2 and heat, reflux
• Secondary:

  Alcohol to Ketone

  
  

  Need: [H+], MnO4- or Cr2O7-2
• Reduction of Alkenes also undergo Hydrogenation
• Reduction of Nitriles

  Need: LiAlH4, ether

  Form: Amine
• Oxidation: Combustion

  Need: O2

  Form: CO2 + H2O
• Oxidation: Combustion: Alcohols

  Alcohol > Aldehyde > Carboxyllic acid

  Conditions: K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and 50 degrees
• Condensation: esterification and amides

  Need: [H+], warm. Reverse = water

  Forms: Ester or amide