Immunity system

• what is an antigen 


  an antigen is a molecule that is capable of initiating an immune response and binding with its specific antibody.
• an antigen is a substance
• what is the role of the immunity system

  prevent and fight diseases
• what makes up the immunity system

  organs, tissues, cells
• what type of diseases does the immunity system fight

  infectious, and non-infectious
• how many lines of defence does the immunity system have

  3
• what is the first line of defense in the immunity system

  barriers to prevent pathogens
• what is an anitbody


  a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.
• what are parts of the first line of defence

  skin - barrier that covers most of the body

  mouth, airways, eyes and urinary tract - mucus layers that trap pathogens
• what are physical barriers in the first line of defence of the immunity system

  to stop pathogens from entering the body (skin, mucus, cilia)
• what are the chemical barriers in the first line of defence in the immunity system

  to kill pathogens before entering the body (stomach acids, enzymes)
• what is specific in immunity

  when one of the lines of defence targets a specific pathogen/antigen
• what is the classification of the first line of defence

  very quick, does not learn from past pathogen/antigens, non specific
• is the first line of defence specific or non specific

  non specific
• is the second line of defence specific or non specific

  non specific
• is the third line of defence specific or non specific 


  specific
• innate immune system


  Immunity that is present at birth and lasts a person's entire life. Innate immunity is the first response of the body's immune system to a harmful foreign substance.
• Adaptive immunity system


  A type of immunity that develops when a person's immune system responds to a foreign substance or microorganism, such as after an infection or vaccination.
• what are the 4 characteristics of the innate immunity system

  rapid response

  non-specific

  non-adaptive

  non immunological memory
• what are the 4 characteristics of the adaptive immunity system 


  delayed response

  highly specific

  response adaptive

  immunological memory
• what happens during inflammation

  increases blood flow to increase number of white blood cells to an area
• what happens during blood clotting

  close wound entry site in a blood vessel
• phagocyte


  type of white blood cell that engulfs and kills pathogens
• fever


  increases body temp to make unfavourable enviroment for pathogen
• Natural killer cells


  type of white blood cells that kill infected cells
• scientific name for white blood cells

  Leukocytes
• prions 


  abnormal infectious proteins that can convert normal protein into prion protein
• protozoans 


  unicellular or multicellular organisms made up from eukaryotic cells and sometimes a cells wall
• worms and arthropods


  multicellular animals made up of eukaryotic cells with no cell wall
• Autoimmune diseases:


  body does not recognise its own self-antigens
• Allergens


  over reaction to antigens, causing an allergic reaction.
• B cells


  •produce special molecules called antibodies, which specifically bind to certain antigens and stop them from invading.
• T cells


  recognise the same specific pathogens, attack and kill them
• Both type B and T cells create a memory after the first time they discover a pathogen
• Antibody 


  Protein that traps pathogens binds and disactivates them
• Inflammatory response


  second line of defense
• lymphocytes 


  the white blood cells in the third line of defense
• antigens


  molecules on the surface of a pathogen that the immune system recognises as foreign
• Active immunity


  immunity that comes from antibodies that your immunity system produced
• passive immunity 


  immunity from antibodies that have been gained elsewhere