education

• Bernstein


  restricted and elaborated code

  
• Douglas


  w/c parents place less value on education

  
• Sugarmann w/c subcultures


  fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, present time orientation

  
• material deprivation


  poor housing, overcrowding, lack of resources, illness

  
• Howard


  deprivation of nutrition and health leads to more absences and lack of energy

  
• Bordieu


  cultural capital, meets demands of curriculum and is converted to economic capital

  
• Becker


  labelling of the ideal pupil

  
• self fulfilling prophecy


  labels create positive/negative self concepts

  
• gillbourn and youdell


  streaming, w/c placed in lower sets

  
• Lacey polarisation


  pupils respond to streaming with pro/anti school subcultures

  
• Lacey differentiation


  higher streams achieve higher status

  
• Hargreaves


  triple failures (failed 11+, low stream, label)

  
• Archer et al


  nike identities, education is unrealistic and undesirable

  
• Moynihan


  black families have single mothers, lack of male role model and financial security

  
• discrimination


  racism in wider society: housing market and employment

  
• Fuller


  black girls rejected stereotypes and valued education

  
• Asian pupils


  strict families, high expectations, teachers use simple language

  
• Sewell laddish subcultures


  conformists, innovators, retraters, rebels- hyper masculinity

  
• Ethnocentric curriculum


  prioritises white history and holidays

  
• Sharpe


  girls ambitions have changed since 1970s

  
• equal pay act and sex discrimination act

  1970, 1975

  
• equal opportunities


  GIST and WISE, national curriculum

  
• feminisation of education


  more female role models, coursework, exams

  
• French and French


  boys received more teacher attention for discipline

  
• marketisation


  girls are more attractive to schools due to league tables and selection

  
• bedroom culture


  girls are more literate

  
• lack of boys motivation


  globalisation and decline in manual labour

  
• Durkheim


  social solidarity and specialist skills (miniature society)

  
• Parsons


  meritocracy, agent of socialisation and a bridge between the family and wider society

  
• Davis and Moore


  role allocation, sorting and sifting

  
• Althusser


  reproduction and legitimation performed for ideological state apparatus

  
• Bowles and Gintis


  myth of meritocracy, hidden curriculum, correspondence principle

  
• Willis


  w/c boys see through r/c ideology and form counter cultures

  
• radical feminism


  textbook stereotypes and gendered language

  
• Chubb and Moe


  state schools are unequal and do not meet pupils needs, private schools answer to consumers (parents)

  
• Tripartite system


  1944, 11+ grammar and secondary modern

  
• comprehensive system


  1965, 11+ abolished

  
• marketisation policies


  league tables and the funding formula

  
• New labour policies


  increased funding, aim higher programmes

  
• Conservative policies post 2010


  spending cuts, privately funded academies