Spiritual

• Philippians 4:6-7: 'DO NOT BE ANXIOUS ABOUT ANYTHING, BUT IN EVERY SITUATION, PRAYER AND PETITION. WITH THANKSGIVING, PRESENT YOUR REQUESTS TO GOD. AND THE PEACE OF GOD, WHICH TRANSCENDS ALL UNDERSTANDING, WILL GUARD YOUR HEARTS AND YOUR MINDS IN CHRIST JESUS.'
• In search for one's true identity, man can never do away from considering his spiritual well-being
• Body


  Relationship with the material world
• Soul


  Relationship with the spiritual world
• Man's spirituality is the focus of our discussion
• Spiritual Self


  Who we are at our core, more permanent than the material and social self
• Spiritual Self


  Our subjective and most intimate self
• Spirituality


  Man's way of seeking as well as expressing the meaning and purpose of his life
• Spirituality


  • Can be a healing process that leads to a personal development
• Spirit


  In the Hebrew language, ruach or pneuma in Greek, which means breath (breath of life)
• Spirit


  The disposition of an individual, a person's habitual attitudes, as man's supernatural power which comes from God
• Soul


  In Hebrew, nephesh or in Greek psyche, originally meaning 'throat' or 'neck' which means 'human life'
• Soul


  In modern psychology, described as the 'will, mind the seat of emotion, conscience'
• Both spirit and soul mean life
• The concept of the soul


  • It is the nonphysical aspect of the person, the complexity of human attributes that manifests as consciousness, thought, feeling and will
  • It is the person's emotional and moral nature, where the most private thoughts and feelings are hidden
• L. Mercado (1994): '"the spirit in the Hebrew language is ruach or pneuma in Greek which means breath (breath of life)"'
• Kaluluwa, kararwa, kadkadduwa


  All come from the root word duwa, which means two
• Soul


  • Has two existences: one physical that is connected to the human body and its life, the other is spiritual where it exists on its own
• Kadkadduwa


  Derived from the kadduwa, meaning 'companion'. The doubling of 'kad' intensifies the nature of companionship so that it means 'constant companion' or an inseparable partner
• Terms for soul in different Filipino ethnic groups

  • Kaluluwa (Tagalogs)
  • Gimokud (Bagobos)
  • Makatu (Bukidnons)
  • Kadkadduwa or kararwa (Ilokanos)
  • Dungan (if person is alive) and kalag (if person is dead) (Ilonggos and Cebuanos)
  • Kaluha (Cebuanos)
  • Karadwa or kalag (Mindoro folks)
  • Abi-abiik (Kankanays of Cordillera)
  • Ikararua (Ibanag)
• Ikararua


  Has the role of giving and wholeness to the man
• When the person is frightened


  The ikararua leaves the body while the body remains alive
• Manganggakao


  A ritual performed to invite the soul to return to the body
• Kaluluwa


  Speaks more of the soul of the deceased person than that of the living
• Kakambal


  The soul of the living person, thought of as the "malay' or tiny voice
• Dungan


  Not normally seen by the human eye, sometimes comes out of the body and takes on a visible form such as that of an insect like a housefly or even a lizard
• as cited by Demetrio et al (2011)


  Alicia Magos (1986)
• Withdrawal of the soul from the body


  Occurs when the body is badly maltreated
• Visayan dungan


  Has a secondary meaning of 'willpower'
• Strong dungan


  The intellectual and psychological capacity to dominate or persuade others to one's way of thinking
• Things considered in the evaluation of one's spiritual self


  • Belief
  • Practice
• Belief


  Sets the foundation for one's actions, unlimited, no boundaries
• Practice


  Action which manifests one's belief, limited by the laws and rules
• When practice and belief are inconsistent


  A person will either abandon belief or follow belief
• BELIEFS IN SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND POWER

  • Belief guides one in his moral decisions and actions.

  (example: Live in a community of same faith, marriage, voting, political etc.).

  RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Christians - Man was created in the image of God

  2. Buddhism and Hinduism- Man’s goal is to reach Nirvana

  • There is no personal God.

  3. Muslim - one who surrenders and submits to Allah and his laws.

  4. Protestantism - Salvation through Jesus Christ

  5. Indigenous beliefs - Animism, inanimate objects are worshiped
• PRACTICE

  They become religious practices when they are considered sacred by the

  practitioners.

  Hence, relative on the religion.

  Example: Burning incense, Holy communion.

  Wine can be profane but when used in mass, it becomes holy

  RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Often incorporates different religious practices. Thus, in one home one

  can see.

  Buddha, incense, altar, Sto Nino etc.

  • The mixture and blending of different religious practices made it

  confusing as

  to what is biblical, spiritual, traditional or cultural.
• Rituals


  Ceremonies or actions performed in a customary way
• Main benefit of rituals

  • Promotion of cooperation
  • Signifies commitment
  • Gives assurance that members will not be free riders
• Religion


  Involves the community
• Magic


  • Involves the individual only
  • A method that interfaces with the supernatural to bring about particular outcomes
  • Gives people a sense of control on what is going to happen