FUNDA

• REST


  Condition in which the body is in a physical decreased state of activity
• SLEEP


  A state of rest accompanied by altered level of consciousness and relative inactivity
• Cyclic nature of sleep


  Thought to be controlled by Centers located in the brain and the Circadian Rhythm
• Reticular Activating System (RAS)


  Located at the brain stem and Cerebral Cortex, plays an important role in sleep wake cycle
• Melatonin


  Lowest during daylight
• Cortisol


  Highest causing wakefulness
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)


  Patterns, eye movements and muscle activity are used to identify stages of sleep
• Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Stages

  • Stage 1: Person feels drowsy and relaxed; can be readily awakened; last only for a few minutes
• Rapid Eye Movement Stage (REM)


  Constitutes about 25% of an adult's sleep
• Age


  • Illness can cause pain/physical distress that can result in sleep problems
• Environment


  • Can promote or hinder sleep
  • Any change can inhibit sleep
  • Absence of usual stimuli or presence of unfamiliar stimuli can prevent people from sleeping
  • Discomfort from environmental temperature and lack of ventilation can affect sleep
  • Light levels can be another factor
  • Comfort and size of the bed
• Person's partner


  • Different sleep habits, snoring, may become a problem
• Lifestyle


  • Following an irregular morning and night time schedule can affect sleep
• Emotional Stress


  • Considered to be the major cause of short-term sleeping difficulties
• Diet


  • Certain foods induce sleep (L-Tryptophan present in milk induces sleep)
• Smoking


  • Nicotine has a stimulating effect on the body, and smokers often have more difficulty falling asleep than non-smokers
• Motivation


  • Can increase alertness in some situations
• Medication


  • Beta-blockers can cause insomnia
• 1. Insomnia- inability to obtain adequate amount of sleep and quality of sleep.
• . Hypersomnia- excessive day time sleep
• Narcolepsy- sleep attack; overwhelming sleepiness, uncontrolledREM.
• Sleep Apnea- periodic cessation of breathing during sleep characterized by snoring.
• Somnambulism: sleep walking
• Soliloquy- sleep talking
• Bruxism- grinding of teeth
• Stage 2: light sleep during which the body processes continue to slow down; eyes are generally still; decreasedHR, RR, and temp; last about 10-15 mins.
• . Stage 3: occurs when HR and RR, as well as other processes slow further; more difficult to arouse
• Stage 4: signals deep sleep called delta sleep; HR&RRare 20% lower than waking rate; sleep is very relaxed, difficult to arouse, and rarely moves; eyes usually roll andsome dreaming occurs.
• Newborn: 16-18 hours/ day of sleep
• Infants: 12-14 hours / day of sleep
• Toddlers: 10-12 hours of sleep per day
• Preschool: 11-12 hours/ day of sleep
• School age: 8-12 hours/ day of sleep
• Adolescents: 8-10 hours / day of sleep
• Adult: 6-8 hours/ day of sleep
• Elders: 6-8 hours/ day of sleep
• Panitikan - Ang panitikan ay yaong pagpapahayag ng damdamin, panaginip at karanasan ng sangkatauhang nasusulat sa

  maganda, makahulugan at masining na mga pahayag.