Trial by a single judge is the case for most civil trials and was also used in Northern Ireland up until 2007.
Judges are familiar with the law and in evaluating case facts better than a jury.
The downside of a trial by judge is that the public have little faith in a trial by judge as judges become hardened to cases and tend to have prosecution in mind.
An advantage of a trial by judge is that judges are not considered to be from an elite background like juries, which can help eliminate bias.
A Panel of Judges is a system where a panel of 3-5 judges sit together to provide a balanced view of the case.
The issue with a Panel of Judges is that there are not enough judges in the UK to support this system and it would be very expensive to change the current jury system.
Judges in a Panel of Judges are still case hardened and have prosecuting in mind.